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12.15Nginx解析php相关配置
Nginx解析php相关配置目录概要 配置如下：
502 Bad Gateway
nginx/1.12.1 [root@hf-01 ~]# 查看访问日志cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log，会看到日志文件中会说没有这样的文件或目录502 Bad Gateway
nginx/1.12.1 [root@hf-01 ~]# 查看配置文件会提示说文件不存在 这时候只需要在配置文件中做一个更改，在php配置那一块，注释掉unix，添加ip和端口
location ~ .php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name; } fastcgi_pass 用来指定php-fpm监听的地址或者socket Nginx解析php相关配置 添加以下代码
location ~ .php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; //写错这个路径，就会显示502 fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name; } 打开虚拟主机配置文件，因为现在test.com.conf还不能解析php，加代码添加到配置文件中
[root@hf-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf server { listen 80; server_name test.com test1.com test2.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /data/wwwroot/test.com; if ($host != \'test.com\' ) { rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://test.com/$1 permanent; } #location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ #{ # expires 7d; # access_log off; #} location ~* ^.+.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$ { expires 7d; valid_referers none blocked server_names *.test.com ; if ($invalid_referer) { return 403; } access_log off; } location ~ .*.(js|css)$ { expires 12h; access_log off; } location /admin/ { allow 192.168.74.129; allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } location ~ .*(upload|image)/.*.php$ { deny all; } if ($http_user_agent ~ \'Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|Tomato\') { return 403; } location ~ .php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name; } access_log /tmp/test.com.log combined_realip; } 保存退出 生成做一个php文件，在/data/wwwroot/test.com/目录下生成3.php
[root@hf-01 ~]# vim /data/wwwroot/test.com/3.php
[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php
[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload [root@hf-01 ~]# 这时候再来访问3.php，会看到可以正常解析了
[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php 若是解析php相关配置的 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; 这个路径被写错，会直接显示502，因为sock文件没有被找到 将配置文件改错后，重新加载后，再来访问3.php，会看到显示502状态码
[root@hf-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf [root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t Syntax OK [root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload [root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php
502 Bad Gateway
[root@hf-01 ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log 2018/01/08 06:42:21 [crit] 3392#0: *22 connect() to unix:/tmp/php-afcgi.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "GET HTTP://test.com/3.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmp/php-afcgi.sock:", host: "test.com" [root@hf-01 ~]# 在遇到502的问题时，需要查看你配置的地址是否正确，首先查看错误日志，然后根据错误日志中提示，查看这个文件是否存在，在查看cat /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf你定义的sock是什么，那么在nginx的配置文件中写什么
[root@hf-01 ~]# [root@hf-01 ~]# ls /tmp/php-afcgi.sock ls: 无法访问/tmp/php-afcgi.sock: 没有那个文件或目录 [root@hf-01 ~]# cat /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf [global] pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log [www] listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock listen.mode = 666 user = php-fpm group = php-fpm pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_requests = 500 rlimit_files = 1024 [root@hf-01 ~]# 这时再去配置文件中更改回来即可，所以只要配置文件中的 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; 地址错误，就会显示502 502的另一种情况 假设这时不监听sock，而去监听IP端口 首先更改配置vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf 将#listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock注释掉，增加listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
[root@hf-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf [global] pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log [www] #listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 listen.mode = 666 user = php-fpm group = php-fpm pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_requests = 500 rlimit_files = 1024 保存退出 重启php 命令为/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart，php重启也支持reload
[root@hf-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done Starting php-fpm done [root@hf-01 ~]# 检查php文件是否存在语法错误，重新加载下nginx的配置文件
[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t [08-Jan-2018 07:10:32] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful [root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload [root@hf-01 ~]# 查看监听端口是否为127.0.0.1:9000
[root@hf-01 ~]# netstat -lntp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1539/master tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3528/php-fpm: maste tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1218/nginx: master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1191/sshd tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1539/master tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1566/mysqld tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1191/sshd [root@hf-01 ~]# 这时在来访问3.php，会看到显示为502
[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php
502 Bad Gateway
[root@hf-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf 在php配置那一块，注释掉unix，添加ip和端口 #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 保存退出 检查语法错误，并重新加载配置文件
[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload [root@hf-01 ~]# 再来访问3.php文件，会看到正常访问
[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php -I HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.1 Date: Sun, 07 Jan 2018 23:23:11 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Connection: keep-alive X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.30 [root@hf-01 ~]# 若是出现502，要检查下配置文件中的fastcgi_pass 这块是否nginx与php-fpm中所配置的地址是相匹配的 PHP下的listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock这段配置很重要，决定了nginx是否能正确解析而不是502 当PHP配置文件 listen 使用sock时，那么对应的nginx配置文件下就必须使用 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock； 当PHP配置文件listen 使用 IP加端口“127.0.0.1：9000”的时候，那么对应的nginx就要改成fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1：9000； 配置文件中的 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME 中的地址路径/data/wwwroot/test.com$fastcgi_script_name;与配置文件最上方的 root /data/wwwroot/test.com; 相对应起来 502的其他情况 在php5.4及以后的其他版本，有一个特点 更改监听为sock，取消监听IP和端口，注释掉listen.mode 更改php-fpm的配置文件，取消注释listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock，注释掉#listen = 127.0.0.1:9000和#listen.mode = 666
[root@hf-01 ~]# vi /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf [global] pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log [www] listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock #listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 #listen.mode = 666 user = php-fpm group = php-fpm pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_requests = 500 rlimit_files = 1024 保存退出 重新加载php
[root@hf-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm reload Reload service php-fpm done 查看sock文件的权限为660，属主和属组为root
[root@hf-01 ~]# ls -l /tmp/php-fcgi.sock srw-rw---- 1 root root 0 1月 8 07:47 /tmp/php-fcgi.sock 更改nginx虚拟主机配置文件，取消 fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; 的注释，注释掉#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;这一行的配置是为了nginx去读sock文件
[root@hf-01 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhost/test.com.conf 重新加载nginx配置文件
[root@hf-01 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 这时候再来访问3.php，依然还是显示502
[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php -I HTTP/1.1 502 Bad Gateway Server: nginx/1.12.1 Date: Sun, 07 Jan 2018 23:54:07 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 173 Connection: keep-alive 查看访问日志文件，显示访问文件，权限被拒绝
[root@hf-01 ~]# !tail tail /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log 2018/01/08 06:42:21 [crit] 3392#0: *22 connect() to unix:/tmp/php-afcgi.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "GET HTTP://test.com/3.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmp/php-afcgi.sock:", host: "test.com" 2018/01/08 07:13:39 [crit] 3518#0: *24 connect() to unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "GET HTTP://test.com/3.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock:", host: "test.com" 2018/01/08 07:54:07 [crit] 3790#0: *32 connect() to unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: test.com, request: "HEAD HTTP://test.com/3.php HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock:", host: "test.com" [root@hf-01 ~]# sock文件默认权限使660，root用户可以读，root用户组也是可读的，唯独其他用户不能去读 看到是由nobody的身份去读nginx的
[root@hf-01 ~]# ps aux |grep nginx root 1218 0.0 0.1 21784 1692 ? Ss 00:11 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 3929 0.0 0.3 23664 3692 ? S 08:18 0:00 nginx: worker process nobody 3930 0.0 0.3 23664 3692 ? S 08:18 0:00 nginx: worker process root 3932 0.0 0.0 112676 984 pts/0 R+ 08:18 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@hf-01 ~]# 这时临时改变权限为nobody
[root@hf-01 ~]# chown nobody /tmp/php-fcgi.sock [root@hf-01 ~]# 这时再去访问3.php会看到正常访问
[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php -I HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.1 Date: Mon, 08 Jan 2018 00:22:43 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Connection: keep-alive X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.30 [root@hf-01 ~]# 这就是因为nobody用户有读的权限，所以可以正常访问 在php-fpm的配置文件中定义listen.mode，就是为了让任何用户可以读 再去配置文件中取消listen.mode的注释
[root@hf-01 ~]# vi /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf listen.mode = 666 然后重启php-fpm的配置文件
[root@hf-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm restart Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done Starting php-fpm done [root@hf-01 ~]# 查看文件的权限
[root@hf-01 ~]# !ls ls -l /tmp/php-fcgi.sock srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 1月 8 08:28 /tmp/php-fcgi.sock [root@hf-01 ~]# 访问3.php会看到正常访问
[root@hf-01 ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 test.com/3.php -I HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.12.1 Date: Mon, 08 Jan 2018 00:30:04 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Connection: keep-alive X-Powered-By: PHP/5.6.30 [root@hf-01 ~]# 502的另外情况 就是php-fpm服务，资源耗尽，也会显示502，这时候就需要去优化了
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