JavaBeans在Python中的实现-创新互联

在JavaBeans中有这样的一个描述：当一些信息需要使用类似于字典嵌套字典再嵌套列表这种很深的结构来储存的时候，请改用类来储存。实际上，这样的思想也可以用于Python中。

在Python中，以前可能会这样写嵌套字典结构

school_list = [{'school_name': 'SZ',
    'class_id': '001',
    'stu_num': 45,
    'student':{'stu_id': '001',
        'stu_name': 'xiaohong',
        'stu_score': 90
    }
},
{'school_name': 'Fxxking U',
    'class_id': '002',
    'stu_num': 40,
    'student':{'stu_id': '002',
        'stu_name': 'xiaobai',
        'stu_score': 98
    }
}]

而当我们要访问比较深层结构中的数据时可能要这样：

print(school_list[0]['student']['stu_id'])

这样在取用时未免太麻烦，而且一旦嵌套结构越深层，取用时就越麻烦。

如果借鉴JavaBeans的思维，将此用类实现，会是以下这样：

# School.py
class School(object):
    def __init__(self,school_name='',class_id='',stu_num=0,student=None) ->None:
        self._school_name = school_name
        self._class_id = class_id
        self._stu_num = stu_num
        self._student = student

    @property
    def school_name(self):
        return self._school_name

    @school_name.setter
    def school_name(self,new_name):
        self._school_name = new_name

    
    @property
    def class_id(self):
        return self._class_id

    @class_id.setter
    def class_id(self,new_id):
        self._class_id = new_id

    
    
    @property
    def stu_num(self):
        return self._stu_num

    @stu_num.setter
    def stu_num(self,new_num):
        self._stu_num = new_num


    @property
    def student(self):
        return self._student

    @student.setter
    def student(self,new_student):
        self._student = new_student

# Student.py
class Student(object):
    def __init__(self,stu_id='',stu_name='',stu_score=0) ->None:
        self._stu_id = stu_id
        self._stu_name = stu_name
        self._stu_score = stu_score


    @property
    def stu_id(self):
        return self._stu_id
    

    @stu_id.setter
    def stu_id(self,new_id):
        self._stu_id = new_id


    @property
    def stu_name(self):
        return self._stu_name
    

    @stu_name.setter
    def stu_name(self,new_name):
        self._stu_name = new_name



    @property
    def stu_score(self):
        return self._stu_score
    

    @stu_score.setter
    def stu_score(self,new_score):
        self._stu_score = new_score

我们将原有的嵌套字典数据转换为两个类实现，且分别在School.py与Student.py两个文件中，在类中我们对原本的数据以装饰器粉饰为属性从而使其可以进行读取与修改。这样一来，我们就可以用类属性的方式去访问我们想要的数据。
程序代码：

from School import School
from Student import Student


student_007 = Student(stu_id='007',stu_name='零零漆',stu_score=99)
school_Princeton = School(school_name='Princeton U',class_id='005',stu_num=1000,student=student_007)

student_qnc = Student(stu_id='250',stu_name='千年虫',stu_score=60)
school_Fuxxking = School(school_name='Fuxxking U',class_id='009',stu_num=500,student=student_qnc)


school_list = [school_Princeton,school_Fuxxking]

for i in school_list:
    print(i.school_name)
    print(i.class_id)
    print(i.stu_num)
    stu = i.student
    print(stu.stu_name)

输出结果：

Princeton U
005
1000
零零漆
Fuxxking U
009
500
千年虫

总结：将深层次的嵌套结果转换为用类实现的好处是，在初始化类对象后，可以直接使用实例.属性的方式访问想要的数据，且关键数据在类中定义的很详细。

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