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二叉树
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这个二叉树的深度是3,树的深度是最大结点所在的层,这里是3.
应该计算所有结点层数,选择最大的那个。
根据上面的二叉树代码,递归过程是:
f(1)=f(2)+1 f(3) +1 ? f(2) + 1 : f(3) +1
f(2) 跟f(3)计算类似上面,要计算左右结点,然后取大者
所以计算顺序是f(4.left) = 0, f(4.right) = 0
f(4) = f(4.right) + 1 = 1
然后计算f(5.left) = 0,f(5.right) = 0
f(5) = f(5.right) + 1 =1
f(2) = f(5) + 1 =2
f(1.left) 计算完毕,计算f(1.right) f(3) 跟计算f(2)的过程一样。
得到f(3) = f(7) +1 = 2
f(1) = f(3) + 1 =3
if(depleftdepright){
return depleft+1;
}else{
return depright+1;
}
只有left大于right的时候采取left +1,相等是取right
下面这个算法能帮你:
/*二叉树的建立与遍历
以二叉链表作为存储结构,定义二叉树类型 bitree;
实现二叉树的以下运算
建立 create( ) 输入二叉树的结点元素,建立二叉链表。
选择一种遍历方式(先序、中序、后序)遍历这棵二叉树。 */
#include stdio.h
struct node
{
char data;
struct node *lchild,*rchild;
};
/****************************二叉树的创建*****************************/
struct node *creat_bintree(struct node *t)
{
char ch;
printf("\n 按照先序序列输入二叉树的每个值,空格代表空树:");
ch=getchar();
getchar();
if( ch==' ')
t=NULL;
else
{
t = (struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
t-data=ch;
t-lchild = creat_bintree( t-lchild );
t-rchild = creat_bintree( t-rchild );
}
return(t);
}
/****************************二叉树的先序遍历*****************************/
void preorder(struct node *t )
{
if (t)
{
putchar(t-data);
preorder(t-lchild);
preorder(t-rchild);
}
}
/****************************二叉树的中序遍历*****************************/
void inorder(struct node *t )
{
if (t)
{
inorder(t-lchild);
putchar(t-data);
inorder(t-rchild);
}
}
/****************************二叉树的后序遍历*****************************/
void postorder(struct node *t )
{
if (t)
{
postorder(t-lchild);
postorder(t-rchild);
putchar(t-data);
}
}
void main()
{
struct node *t;
t=creat_bintree(t);
if (t)
{
printf("\n after preorder:\n");
preorder(t);
printf("\n after inorder:\n");
inorder(t);
printf("\n after postorder:\n");
postorder(t);
}
}
二叉树的相关操作,包括创建,中序、先序、后序(递归和非递归),其中重点的是java在先序创建二叉树和后序非递归遍历的的实现。
package com.algorithm.tree;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Stack;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
public class Tree {
private Node root;
public Tree() {
}
public Tree(Node root) {
this.root = root;
}
//创建二叉树
public void buildTree() {
Scanner scn = null;
try {
scn = new Scanner(new File("input.txt"));
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
root = createTree(root,scn);
}
//先序遍历创建二叉树
private Node createTree(Node node,Scanner scn) {
String temp = scn.next();
if (temp.trim().equals("#")) {
return null;
} else {
node = new Node((T)temp);
node.setLeft(createTree(node.getLeft(), scn));
node.setRight(createTree(node.getRight(), scn));
return node;
}
}
//中序遍历(递归)
public void inOrderTraverse() {
inOrderTraverse(root);
}
public void inOrderTraverse(Node node) {
if (node != null) {
inOrderTraverse(node.getLeft());
System.out.println(node.getValue());
inOrderTraverse(node.getRight());
}
}
//中序遍历(非递归)
public void nrInOrderTraverse() {
StackNode stack = new StackNode();
Node node = root;
while (node != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
while (node != null) {
stack.push(node);
node = node.getLeft();
}
node = stack.pop();
System.out.println(node.getValue());
node = node.getRight();
}
}
//先序遍历(递归)
public void preOrderTraverse() {
preOrderTraverse(root);
}
public void preOrderTraverse(Node node) {
if (node != null) {
System.out.println(node.getValue());
preOrderTraverse(node.getLeft());
preOrderTraverse(node.getRight());
}
}
//先序遍历(非递归)
public void nrPreOrderTraverse() {
StackNode stack = new StackNode();
Node node = root;
while (node != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
while (node != null) {
System.out.println(node.getValue());
stack.push(node);
node = node.getLeft();
}
node = stack.pop();
node = node.getRight();
}
}
//后序遍历(递归)
public void postOrderTraverse() {
postOrderTraverse(root);
}
public void postOrderTraverse(Node node) {
if (node != null) {
postOrderTraverse(node.getLeft());
postOrderTraverse(node.getRight());
System.out.println(node.getValue());
}
}
//后续遍历(非递归)
public void nrPostOrderTraverse() {
StackNode stack = new StackNode();
Node node = root;
Node preNode = null;//表示最近一次访问的节点
while (node != null || !stack.isEmpty()) {
while (node != null) {
stack.push(node);
node = node.getLeft();
}
node = stack.peek();
if (node.getRight() == null || node.getRight() == preNode) {
System.out.println(node.getValue());
node = stack.pop();
preNode = node;
node = null;
} else {
node = node.getRight();
}
}
}
//按层次遍历
public void levelTraverse() {
levelTraverse(root);
}
public void levelTraverse(Node node) {
QueueNode queue = new LinkedBlockingQueueNode();
queue.add(node);
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
Node temp = queue.poll();
if (temp != null) {
System.out.println(temp.getValue());
queue.add(temp.getLeft());
queue.add(temp.getRight());
}
}
}
}
//树的节点
class Node {
private Node left;
private Node right;
private T value;
public Node() {
}
public Node(Node left,Node right,T value) {
this.left = left;
this.right = right;
this.value = value;
}
public Node(T value) {
this(null,null,value);
}
public Node getLeft() {
return left;
}
public void setLeft(Node left) {
this.left = left;
}
public Node getRight() {
return right;
}
public void setRight(Node right) {
this.right = right;
}
public T getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(T value) {
this.value = value;
}
}
测试代码:
package com.algorithm.tree;
public class TreeTest {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
Tree tree = new Tree();
tree.buildTree();
System.out.println("中序遍历");
tree.inOrderTraverse();
tree.nrInOrderTraverse();
System.out.println("后续遍历");
//tree.nrPostOrderTraverse();
tree.postOrderTraverse();
tree.nrPostOrderTraverse();
System.out.println("先序遍历");
tree.preOrderTraverse();
tree.nrPreOrderTraverse();
//
}
}