Docker基础（1）——安装Docker

配置环境：CentOS-7.5

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内存建议最少分配4g；

开启虚拟化：

阿里云开源站点下载docker-ce.repo

[root@www ~]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@www ~]# mv docker-ce.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@www ~]# yum repolist
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirror.horizon.vn
源标识                            源名称                                                    状态
EPEL/7/x86_64                     CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com                                  9,911
base                              cdrom                                                      9,911
docker-ce-stable/x86_64           Docker CE Stable - x86_64                                     25
epel/x86_64                       Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64            12,703
extras/7/x86_64                   CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com                                  434
updates/7/x86_64                  CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com                               1,614
repolist: 34,598

查看一下其配置文件中的baseurl，是否为国内镜像资源站点，假如为外网，建议用末行模式修改过来，否则，不仅慢还需要科学上网；

[root@www ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
 
[docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
 
[docker-ce-stable-source]
name=Docker CE Stable - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
 
[docker-ce-edge]
name=Docker CE Edge - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
 
[docker-ce-edge-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Edge - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
 
[docker-ce-edge-source]
name=Docker CE Edge - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
 
[docker-ce-test]
name=Docker CE Test - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
 
[docker-ce-test-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
 
[docker-ce-test-source]
name=Docker CE Test - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
 
[docker-ce-nightly]
name=Docker CE Nightly - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
 
[docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-$basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
 
[docker-ce-nightly-source]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

然后我们直接用yum安装docker-ce即可；

[root@www ~]# yum install docker-ce
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirror.horizon.vn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 docker-ce.x86_64.3.18.09.0-3.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 container-selinux >= 2.9，它被软件包 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 containerd.io，它被软件包 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 docker-ce-cli，它被软件包 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 container-selinux.noarch.2.2.68-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 containerd.io.x86_64.0.1.2.0-3.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 docker-ce-cli.x86_64.1.18.09.0-3.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
 
依赖关系解决
 
==================================================================================================
 Package                   架构           版本                     源                        大小
==================================================================================================
正在安装:
 docker-ce                 x86_64         3:18.09.0-3.el7          docker-ce-stable          19 M
为依赖而安装:
 container-selinux         noarch         2:2.68-1.el7             extras                    36 k
 containerd.io             x86_64         1.2.0-3.el7              docker-ce-stable          22 M
 docker-ce-cli             x86_64         1:18.09.0-3.el7          docker-ce-stable          14 M
 
事务概要
==================================================================================================
安装  1 软件包 (+3 依赖软件包)
 
总下载量：55 M
安装大小：235 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
(1/4): container-selinux-2.68-1.el7.noarch.rpm                             |  36 kB  00:00:03    
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/docker-ce-stable/packages/containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA512 Signature, key ID 621e9f35: NOKEY
containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(2/4): containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                |  22 MB  00:00:09    
(3/4): docker-ce-cli-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                              |  14 MB  00:00:04    
(4/4): docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                  |  19 MB  00:00:19    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                                              2.8 MB/s |  55 MB  00:00:19    
从 https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x621E9F35:
 用户ID     : "Docker Release (CE rpm) "
 指纹       : 060a 61c5 1b55 8a7f 742b 77aa c52f eb6b 621e 9f35
 来自       : https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
是否继续？[y/N]：y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在安装    : containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64                                              1/4
  正在安装    : 1:docker-ce-cli-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64                                          2/4
  正在安装    : 2:container-selinux-2.68-1.el7.noarch                                         3/4
setsebool:  SELinux is disabled.
  正在安装    : 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64                                              4/4
  验证中      : 1:docker-ce-cli-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64                                          1/4
  验证中      : 3:docker-ce-18.09.0-3.el7.x86_64                                              2/4
  验证中      : containerd.io-1.2.0-3.el7.x86_64                                              3/4
  验证中      : 2:container-selinux-2.68-1.el7.noarch                                         4/4
 
已安装:
  docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.0-3.el7                                                               
 
作为依赖被安装:
  container-selinux.noarch 2:2.68-1.el7             containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.2.0-3.el7           
  docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:18.09.0-3.el7            
 
完毕！

建议对docker设置enable属性，并开启docker，并查看其版本；

[root@www ~]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@www ~]# systemctl start  docker
[root@www ~]# docker version
Client:
 Version:           18.09.0
 API version:       1.39
 Go version:        go1.10.4
 Git commit:        4d60db4
 Built:             Wed Nov  7 00:48:22 2018
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false
 
Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          18.09.0
  API version:      1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.10.4
  Git commit:       4d60db4
  Built:            Wed Nov  7 00:19:08 2018
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false

Docker是由独立的仓库的，其内容一般都docker hub上，所以我们需要在docker hub上申请一个账号，地址是https://hub.docker.com

注意：

1． 假如我们第一次申请，我们的浏览器也没有科学上网的插件，那么最后的sign up选项就是灰色无法点击的，因为我们没有办法收到邮件，所以我们需要在我们的浏览器上安装一个插件，以便我们可以科学上网，收到回执邮件；

2． 具体插件名称为：谷歌访问助手；

3． 教程链接：http://www.ggfwzs.com

1.申请完账号后，我们可以简单的做一个nginx小镜像进行测试：

2.在tag标签里选择1.14-apline版本；

3.本地安装nginx:1.14-apline版本（默认先查找本地镜像仓库，没有的话就去docker hub上查找，然后下载到本地，默认不会有动作，所以我们需要在开启一个Xshell借口来查看信息）；

[root@www ~]# docker run --name ngx nginx:1.14-alpine
Unable to find image 'nginx:1.14-alpine' locally
1.14-alpine: Pulling from library/nginx
4fe2ade4980c: Pull complete
c691664ebb08: Pull complete
a6f6a50701b6: Pull complete
5980ba3b5a39: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:75cf17cdf89cbd8da65c83050ebdab1026b98cf217442d6a1f2a8892f47967d7
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:1.14-alpine

4.开启另一个Xshell接口，查看运行信息；

[root@www ~]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
2fc0b111434b        nginx:1.14-alpine   "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   80/tcp              ngx
[root@www ~]#
[root@www ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               1.14-alpine         77bae8d00654        5 days ago          17.7MB

5.通过inspect查看ngx镜像的IP地址（最后几行中有，172.17.0.2）；

[root@www ~]# docker inspect ngx
[
    {
        "Id": "2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59",
        "Created": "2018-11-12T12:23:37.39282113Z",
        "Path": "nginx",
        "Args": [
            "-g",
            "daemon off;"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 61533,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2018-11-12T12:23:45.219006468Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:77bae8d0065423e2338884d3698ef5ff9de8dec05a55dc81cf48ae9e78008b3f",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59/2fc0b111434b579f6ffe080abd914cb921be070f20c55ed02ed7645e9a4d7a59-json.log",
        "Name": "/ngx",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "DNS": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "shareable",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DiskQuota": 0,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": 0,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1b00e9ba9e8cbafe57bd530da02f7c22a5086e9e1d37ab995d697acb859c502-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9fbe29a9d6e34b27b9151fbb798c9f26a22bf0d2a47938759d1197da5324eb5f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/569ebba8fa873429effbfd7075a08f61f2fadcf1e09c61fb9feacf7adee21710/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cd229da595a1b8a9fdd3c40b8c7cad2f9abc0835603abfe5e5226ad4f738e0bb/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cd347e2a7d82ceeb12f18b279dda0fa0853f13ab3149aa0787f3f7c685ba622/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1b00e9ba9e8cbafe57bd530da02f7c22a5086e9e1d37ab995d697acb859c502/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1b00e9ba9e8cbafe57bd530da02f7c22a5086e9e1d37ab995d697acb859c502/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d1b00e9ba9e8cbafe57bd530da02f7c22a5086e9e1d37ab995d697acb859c502/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "2fc0b111434b",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "ExposedPorts": {
                "80/tcp": {}
            },
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
                "NGINX_VERSION=1.14.1"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "nginx",
                "-g",
                "daemon off;"
            ],
            "ArgsEscaped": true,
            "Image": "nginx:1.14-alpine",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers "
            },
            "StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "ac090b600a21020aa323ccd020688bb0ef7c46df744739d5345996294e663afd",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {
                "80/tcp": null
            },
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/ac090b600a21",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "207649bd5ec943874679a88995a60c07d48b176704106ccd0c95bf226227332d",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "6714eb554a2843bd0582a3e7d63b09b175c5351c100aab08b1a051bc8187cb5c",
                    "EndpointID": "207649bd5ec943874679a88995a60c07d48b176704106ccd0c95bf226227332d",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

6.本地用curl测试ngx镜像的启动状态；

[root@www ~]# curl 172.17.0.2







Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
 
For online documentation and support please refer to
nginx.org.

Commercial support is available at
nginx.com.
 
Thank you for using nginx.