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mysql-proxy如何实现数据库读写分离

本文主要给大家介绍MySQL-proxy如何实现数据库读写分离,希望可以给大家补充和更新些知识,如有其它问题需要了解的可以持续在创新互联行业资讯里面关注我的更新文章的。  

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机器:192.168.21.139

完成实战之前的必要条件:主从复制环境搭建好。

MySQL Proxy

MySQL Proxy是一个处于你的Client端和MySQL server端之间的简单程序,它可以监测、分析或改变它们的通信。它使用灵活,没有限制,常见的用途包括:负载平衡,故障、查询分析,查询过滤和修改等等。

MySQL Proxy就是这么一个中间层代理,简单的说,MySQL Proxy就是一个连接池,负责将前台应用的连接请求转发给后台的数据库,并且通过使用lua脚本,可以实现复杂的连接控制和过滤,从而实现读写分离和负载平衡。对于应用来说,MySQLProxy是完全透明的,应用则只需要连接到MySQL Proxy的监听端口即可。当然,这样proxy机器可能成为单点失效,但完全可以使用多个proxy机器做为冗余,在应用云服务器的连接池配置中配置到多个proxy的连接参数即可。

MySQL Proxy更强大的一项功能是实现“读写分离”,基本原理是让主数据库处理事务性查询,让从库处理SELECT查询。数据库复制被用来把事务性查询导致的变更同步到集群中的从库。

2 读写分离架构

mysql-proxy如何实现数据库读写分离

3 部署

主机名

IP地址

系统版本

mysql-proxy

192.168.21.139

CentOS release  6.4 (Final) 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64

mysql-master

192.168.21.135

CentOS release  6.4 (Final) 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64

mysql-slave

192.168.21.135

CentOS release  6.4 (Final) 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64

4安装软件

4.1安装基础依赖包

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++autoconf libevent-devel pkgconfig libtool mysql-devel

4.2其他软件包 

[root@zyl tools]# wgethttp://ftp.gnome.org/pub/gnome/sources/glib/2.22/glib-2.22.5.tar.gz

tar xf glib-2.22.5.tar.gz

cd glib-2.22.5

./configure--prefix=/usr/local/glib-2.22.5

make && make install

echo $?

wget http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.1.4.tar.gz

tar xf lua-5.1.4.tar.gz

cd lua-5.1.4

sed -i's#^INSTALL_TOP=.*#INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local/lua-5.1.4#gi' ./Makefile

sed -i 's#^CFLAGS=.*#CFLAGS= -02-fPIC -Wall $(MYCFLAGS)#gi' ./src/Makefile

make linux install

echo  $?

4.3安装mysql-proxy

tar xf mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit.tar.gz

cdmysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit

cd ..

cp -amysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit mysql-proxy

mv mysql-proxy /application/

cd /application/

ls

pkill mysql

netstat -lnput|grep 330

cd mysql

cd ../mysql-proxy/

ls

mkdir conf

mkdir logs

ls

cd ./conf/

ls

#添加到PATH环境变量

echo 'exportPATH=$PATH:/application/mysql-proxy/bin/' >>/etc/profile

tail -1 /etc/profile

source /etc/profile

which mysql-proxy

/application/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy--help

vim ./mysql-proxy.cnf

#############################################

简单一个配置(192.168.21.135:单机多实例)

[mysql-proxy]

plugins=admin,proxy

admin-username=admin

admin-password=admin

admin-lua-script=/application/mysql-proxy/lib/mysql-proxy/lua/admin.lua

proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.21.135:3306   èmaster

proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.21.135:3308èslave

proxy-lua-script=/application/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua

log-level=debug  日志的级别

keepalive=true   在mysql-proxy崩溃时尝试重启之;

daemon=true  以守护进程模式启动mysql-proxy;

log-file=/application/mysql-proxy/logs/proxy.log

##########################

chmod 0660 mysql-proxy.cnf

启动:

/application/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy--defaults-file=/application/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf

cat logs/proxy.log

[root@zyl tools]# netstat -lnpt|grep mysql-proxy

tcp        0     0 0.0.0.0:4040               0.0.0.0:*                  LISTEN      4261/mysql-proxy   

tcp        0     0 0.0.0.0:4041                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      4261/mysql-proxy 

4040是proxy端口;4041是admin端口,也就是管理。

5 mysql-master端操作

mysqlgrant all on *.* to 'zyl'@'192.168.21.139' identified by '888666';

mysql> flush privileges

##########################

多开几个终端,测试连接:

[root@zyl -master ]# mysql -u zyl -p -h 192.168.21.139 --port 4040

[root@zyl mysql-proxy]# mysql-uadmin -P4041 -h 192.168.21.139 -padmin

mysql> select * from help;

+------------------------+------------------------------------+

| command                | description                        |

+------------------------+------------------------------------+

| SELECT * FROM help     | shows this help                    |

| SELECT * FROM backends | liststhe backends and their state |

+------------------------+------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;

+-------------+---------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+

| backend_ndx | address             | state   | type | uuid | connected_clients |

+-------------+---------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+

|           1 | 192.168.21.135:3306 | unknown| rw   |NULL |                 0 |

|           2 | 192.168.21.135:3308 | unknown| ro  | NULL |                 0 |

+-------------+---------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+

最终结果:

mysql> select * frombackends;

+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+

| backend_ndx | address           | state | type | uuid |connected_clients |

+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+

|           1 |192.168.21.135:3306 | up    | rw   | NULL |                 0 |

|           2 |192.168.21.135:3308 | up    | ro   | NULL |                 0 |

+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

##出现两个up,那么分离成功了。

第二章遇见的问题总结

1.

[root@zyl lua-5.1.4]# make linuxinstall

cd src && make linux

make[1]: Entering directory`/home/tools/lua-5.1.4/src'

make allMYCFLAGS=-DLUA_USE_LINUX MYLIBS="-Wl,-E -ldl -lreadline -lhistory-lncurses"

make[2]: Entering directory`/home/tools/lua-5.1.4/src'

gcc -O2 -Wall  -fPIC -DLUA_USE_LINUX    -c -o lua.o lua.c

在包含自 lua.h:16 的文件中,

                从 lua.c:15:

luaconf.h:275:31:错误:readline/readline.h:没有那个文件或目录

luaconf.h:276:30:错误:readline/history.h:没有那个文件或目录

lua.c:在函数‘pushline’中:

lua.c:182:警告:隐式声明函数‘readline’

lua.c:182:警告:赋值时将整数赋给指针,未作类型转换

lua.c:在函数‘loadline’中:

lua.c:210:警告:隐式声明函数‘add_history’

make[2]: *** [lua.o]错误 1

make[2]: Leaving directory`/home/tools/lua-5.1.4/src'

make[1]: *** [linux]错误 2

make[1]: Leaving directory`/home/tools/lua-5.1.4/src'

make: *** [linux]错误 2

解决:

yum installlibtermcap-devel ncurses-devel libevent-devel readline-devel

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.

[root@zyl tools]# mysql -u zyl  -p -h 192.168.21.139 --port 4040      

ERROR 1105 (HY000): #07000MySQLProxy Lua script failed to load. Check the error log.

解决:

[root@zyl lua]# pkillmysql-proxy 

[root@zyl lua]# cp./mysql-proxy-0.8.5-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua/opt/mysql-proxy/lib/mysql-proxy/lua/

[root@zyl lua]# vim/opt/mysql-proxy/init.d/mysql-proxy 

更改脚本:

检查这个脚本:--proxy-lua-script=/opt/mysql-proxy/lib/mysql-proxy/lua/rw-splitting.lua"

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.

[root@zyl lua]# mysql -u zyl  -p -h 192.168.21.139 --port 4040

注:因为rw-splitting.lua脚本默认有4个链接才启用分离;所以多开启几个终端;多测试几下;你也可以去修改里面的相关值;

mysql-proxy如何实现数据库读写分离

改rw-splitting.lua读写分离脚本如下参数:

mysql-proxy如何实现数据库读写分离

 

4.编译glib时报错

configure: error:

*** You must have either havegettext support in your C library, or use the

*** GNU gettext library.(http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/gettext.html

解决:

[root@zyl glib-2.22.5]# yum  install -y gettext

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.

[root@zyl conf]#/application/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy--defaults-file=/application/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf  

2016-09-02 22:28:37: (critical)mysql-proxy-cli.c:326: loading config from'/application/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf' failed: permissions of/application/mysql-proxy/conf/mysql-proxy.cnf aren't secure (0660or stricter required)

2016-09-02 22:28:37: (message)Initiating shutdown, requested from mysql-proxy-cli.c:328

2016-09-02 22:28:37: (message) shuttingdown normally, exit code is: 1

解决:

[root@zyl mysql-proxy]# chmod0660 mysql-proxy.cnf

看了以上关于mysql-proxy如何实现数据库读写分离,希望能给大家在实际运用中带来一定的帮助。本文由于篇幅有限,难免会有不足和需要补充的地方,如有需要更加专业的解答,可在官网联系我们的24小时售前售后,随时帮您解答问题的。


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