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【Mysql】Mariadb多主一从的搭建

背景:

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      目前MySQL依然只支持一个Slave从一个Master复制数据,虽然也可以做到一主多备(M->S),双主复制(M<->M)等架构,但是局限性依然很大。由于项目的要求,需要各个主库的表整合到一个地方进行统计和分析,要是每次连不同的实例操作,是一件非常耗体力的操作。所以继续一种类似多主一从的实例。

安装:

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 0xcbcb082a1bb943db

sudo add-apt-repository 'deb http://mirrors.hustunique.com/mariadb/repo/10.0/ubuntu trusty main'

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install mariadb-server

环境搭建:

Master 1:200.51(MySQL)

Master 2:200.52(MySQL)

Slave   :200.73(MariaDB) 修改好server-id

 确认好Master的POS:

M1:

rep@192.168.200.51 : (none) 10:26:11>show master status;

+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| File               | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |

+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| mysql-bin51.000013 |      107 |              | test             |

+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

M2:

rep@192.168.200.52 : r2 10:26:23>show master status;                                                                                   +---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| File                | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |

+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| mysql-bin_52.000106 |      107 |              | test             |

+---------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Slave 操作:

MariaDB [(none)]> change master 'r1' to master_host='192.168.200.51',master_user='rep',master_password='rep123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin51.000013',master_log_pos=107;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec)


MariaDB [(none)]> change master 'r2' to master_host='192.168.200.52',master_user='rep',master_password='rep123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin_52.000106',master_log_pos=107;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.25 sec)

MariaDB的change方法和MySQL有点不一样,多了一个 ['connection_name'] ,这个就是多主一从的关键。为每个主设置一个通道标识,这样就可以支持多主复制了。

如何保存复制的信息?单主复制会把复制信息保存在master.info中,在多主复制中的保存也类似,只是在最后加上通道标识名称。如:

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  113 11月 17 10:30 master-r1.info

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  114 11月 17 10:31 master-r2.info

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  248 11月 17 10:30 mysqld-relay-bin-r1.000001

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql   29 11月 17 10:30 mysqld-relay-bin-r1.index

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql  248 11月 17 10:31 mysqld-relay-bin-r2.000001

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql   29 11月 17 10:31 mysqld-relay-bin-r2.index

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql   54 11月 17 10:30 relay-log-r1.info

-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql   55 11月 17 10:31 relay-log-r2.info

查看同步:

#查看所有通道
MariaDB[(none)]> show all slaves status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

              Connection_name: r1

              Slave_SQL_State:

               Slave_IO_State:

                  Master_Host: 192.168.200.51

                  Master_User: rep

                  Master_Port: 3306

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin51.000013

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107

               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin-r1.000001

                Relay_Log_Pos: 4

        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin51.000013

             Slave_IO_Running: No

            Slave_SQL_Running: No

              Replicate_Do_DB:

          Replicate_Ignore_DB:

           Replicate_Do_Table:

       Replicate_Ignore_Table:

      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

                   Last_Errno: 0

                   Last_Error:

                 Skip_Counter: 0

          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107

              Relay_Log_Space: 248

              Until_Condition: None

               Until_Log_File:

                Until_Log_Pos: 0

           Master_SSL_Allowed: No

           Master_SSL_CA_File:

           Master_SSL_CA_Path:

              Master_SSL_Cert:

            Master_SSL_Cipher:

               Master_SSL_Key:

        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

                Last_IO_Errno: 0

                Last_IO_Error:

               Last_SQL_Errno: 0

               Last_SQL_Error:

  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

             Master_Server_Id: 0

               Master_SSL_Crl:

           Master_SSL_Crlpath:

                   Using_Gtid: No

                  Gtid_IO_Pos:

         Retried_transactions: 0

           Max_relay_log_size: 104857600

         Executed_log_entries: 0

    Slave_received_heartbeats: 0

       Slave_heartbeat_period: 1800.000

               Gtid_Slave_Pos:

*************************** 2. row ***************************

              Connection_name: r2

              Slave_SQL_State:

               Slave_IO_State:

                  Master_Host: 192.168.200.52

                  Master_User: rep

                  Master_Port: 3306

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin_52.000106

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107

               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin-r2.000001

                Relay_Log_Pos: 4

        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin_52.000106

             Slave_IO_Running: No

            Slave_SQL_Running: No

              Replicate_Do_DB:

          Replicate_Ignore_DB:

           Replicate_Do_Table:

       Replicate_Ignore_Table:

      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

                   Last_Errno: 0

                   Last_Error:

                 Skip_Counter: 0

          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107

              Relay_Log_Space: 248

              Until_Condition: None

               Until_Log_File:

                Until_Log_Pos: 0

           Master_SSL_Allowed: No

           Master_SSL_CA_File:

           Master_SSL_CA_Path:

              Master_SSL_Cert:

            Master_SSL_Cipher:

               Master_SSL_Key:

        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

                Last_IO_Errno: 0

                Last_IO_Error:

               Last_SQL_Errno: 0

               Last_SQL_Error:

  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

             Master_Server_Id: 0

               Master_SSL_Crl:

           Master_SSL_Crlpath:

                   Using_Gtid: No

                  Gtid_IO_Pos:

         Retried_transactions: 0

           Max_relay_log_size: 104857600

         Executed_log_entries: 0

    Slave_received_heartbeats: 0

       Slave_heartbeat_period: 1800.000

               Gtid_Slave_Pos:

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


ERROR: No query specified


#查看单个通道

MariaDB [(none)]> show slave 'r1' status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

               Slave_IO_State:

                  Master_Host: 192.168.200.51

                  Master_User: rep

                  Master_Port: 3306

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin51.000013

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107

               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin-r1.000001

                Relay_Log_Pos: 4

        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin51.000013

             Slave_IO_Running: No

            Slave_SQL_Running: No

              Replicate_Do_DB:

          Replicate_Ignore_DB:

           Replicate_Do_Table:

       Replicate_Ignore_Table:

      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

                   Last_Errno: 0

                   Last_Error:

                 Skip_Counter: 0

          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107

              Relay_Log_Space: 248

              Until_Condition: None

               Until_Log_File:

                Until_Log_Pos: 0

           Master_SSL_Allowed: No

           Master_SSL_CA_File:

           Master_SSL_CA_Path:

              Master_SSL_Cert:

            Master_SSL_Cipher:

               Master_SSL_Key:

        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

                Last_IO_Errno: 0

                Last_IO_Error:

               Last_SQL_Errno: 0

               Last_SQL_Error:

  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

             Master_Server_Id: 0

               Master_SSL_Crl:

           Master_SSL_Crlpath:

                   Using_Gtid: No

                  Gtid_IO_Pos:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


ERROR: No query specified


MariaDB [(none)]> show slave 'r2' status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

               Slave_IO_State:

                  Master_Host: 192.168.200.52

                  Master_User: rep

                  Master_Port: 3306

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin_52.000106

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107

               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin-r2.000001

                Relay_Log_Pos: 4

        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin_52.000106

             Slave_IO_Running: No

            Slave_SQL_Running: No

              Replicate_Do_DB:

          Replicate_Ignore_DB:

           Replicate_Do_Table:

       Replicate_Ignore_Table:

      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

                   Last_Errno: 0

                   Last_Error:

                 Skip_Counter: 0

          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107

              Relay_Log_Space: 248

              Until_Condition: None

               Until_Log_File:

                Until_Log_Pos: 0

           Master_SSL_Allowed: No

           Master_SSL_CA_File:

           Master_SSL_CA_Path:

              Master_SSL_Cert:

            Master_SSL_Cipher:

               Master_SSL_Key:

        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

                Last_IO_Errno: 0

                Last_IO_Error:

               Last_SQL_Errno: 0

               Last_SQL_Error:

  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

             Master_Server_Id: 0

               Master_SSL_Crl:

           Master_SSL_Crlpath:

                   Using_Gtid: No

                  Gtid_IO_Pos:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


ERROR: No query specified

开启同步:

#开启单个通道
MariaDB[(none)]> start slave 'r1';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


MariaDB [(none)]> start slave 'r2';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


#关闭多个通道

MariaDB [(none)]> start all slaves;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)


MariaDB [(none)]> show warnings;

+-------+------+--------------------+

| Level | Code | Message            |

+-------+------+--------------------+

| Note  | 1937 | SLAVE 'r2' started |

| Note  | 1937 | SLAVE 'r1' started |

+-------+------+--------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

通过 show all slaves status 命令可知是否同步成功。

关闭同步:

#关闭单个通道
MariaDB[(none)]> stop slave 'r1';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)


MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave 'r2';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)


#关闭所有通道

MariaDB [(none)]> stop all slaves;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.08 sec)


MariaDB [(none)]> show warnings;

+-------+------+--------------------+

| Level | Code | Message            |

+-------+------+--------------------+

| Note  | 1938 | SLAVE 'r2' stopped |

| Note  | 1938 | SLAVE 'r1' stopped |

+-------+------+--------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

多源复制在原先复制的基础上多了几个变量,现在来说明下:

MariaDB [(none)]> show all slaves status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

              Connection_name: r1                #master的连接名,通道名,第一个参数。

              Slave_SQL_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

                  Master_Host: 192.168.200.51

                  Master_User: rep

                  Master_Port: 3306

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin51.000013

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107

               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin-r1.000005

                Relay_Log_Pos: 396

        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin51.000013

             Slave_IO_Running: Yes

            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

              Replicate_Do_DB:

          Replicate_Ignore_DB:

           Replicate_Do_Table:

       Replicate_Ignore_Table:

      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

                   Last_Errno: 0

                   Last_Error:

                 Skip_Counter: 0

          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107

              Relay_Log_Space: 845

              Until_Condition: None

               Until_Log_File:

                Until_Log_Pos: 0

           Master_SSL_Allowed: No

           Master_SSL_CA_File:

           Master_SSL_CA_Path:

              Master_SSL_Cert:

            Master_SSL_Cipher:

               Master_SSL_Key:

        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

                Last_IO_Errno: 0

                Last_IO_Error:

               Last_SQL_Errno: 0

               Last_SQL_Error:

  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

             Master_Server_Id: 1

               Master_SSL_Crl:

           Master_SSL_Crlpath:

                   Using_Gtid: No

                  Gtid_IO_Pos:

         Retried_transactions: 0          #这个连接重试事务的次数

           Max_relay_log_size: 104857600  #relay log的最大值.如果是0的话,那么在启动的时候就会被设置成max_binlog_size 的大小

         Executed_log_entries: 17         #slave已经指向了多少个日志条目

    Slave_received_heartbeats: 0          #我们从master收到了多少个心跳包

       Slave_heartbeat_period: 1800.000   #多久从master请求一个心跳包 (以秒计算)

               Gtid_Slave_Pos:

 测试复制

Master 1:

rep@192.168.200.51 : (none) 01:52:34>show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mha_test           |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| xtra_test          |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)


rep@192.168.200.51 : (none) 01:52:37>create database r1 default charset utf8;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)


rep@192.168.200.51 : (none) 01:53:36>use r1;

Database changed


rep@192.168.200.51 : r1 01:53:44>create table r1(id int not null auto_increment primary key,name varchar(30))default charset utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.35 sec)


rep@192.168.200.51 : r1 01:54:09>insert into r1(name) values('a'),('b'),('c');

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


rep@192.168.200.51 : r1 01:54:56>select * from r1;

+----+------+

| id | name |

+----+------+

1 | a    |

2 | b    |

3 | c    |

+----+------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)


Master 2:

rep@192.168.200.52 : (none) 01:52:13>create database r2 default charset utf8;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)


rep@192.168.200.52 : (none) 01:54:27>use r2

Database changed

rep@192.168.200.52 : r2 01:54:30>create table r2(id int not null auto_increment primary key,name varchar(30))default charset utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.23 sec)


rep@192.168.200.52 : r2 01:54:32>insert into r2(name) values('A'),('B'),('C');

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.28 sec)

Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


rep@192.168.200.52 : r2 01:55:18>select * from r2;

+----+------+

| id | name |

+----+------+

1 | A    |

2 | B    |

3 | C    |

+----+------+

3 rows in set (0.01 sec)


Slave:

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| r1                 |

| r2                 |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)


MariaDB [(none)]> use r1;

Reading table information for completion of table and column names

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A


Database changed

MariaDB [r1]> select * from r1;

+----+------+

| id | name |

+----+------+

1 | a    |

2 | b    |

3 | c    |

+----+------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)


MariaDB [r1]> use r2;

Reading table information for completion of table and column names

You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A


Database changed

MariaDB [r2]> select * from r2;

+----+------+

| id | name |

+----+------+

1 | A    |

2 | B    |

3 | C    |

+----+------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

同步成功,那如何错误跳过呢(default_master_connection)?

在Master 1上创建r2数据库,因为Slave上存在,所以会报错:

Master 1:

rep@192.168.200.51 : r1 01:55:52>create database r2 default charset utf8;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)


rep@192.168.200.51 : r1 01:59:51>insert into r1(name) values('d'),('e'),('f');

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


rep@192.168.200.51 : r1 02:04:22>select * from r1;

+----+------+

| id | name |

+----+------+

1 | a    |

2 | b    |

3 | c    |

4 | d    |

5 | e    |

6 | f    |

+----+------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)


Slave :

MariaDB [r2]> show slave 'r1' status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

                  Master_Host: 192.168.200.51

                  Master_User: rep

                  Master_Port: 3306

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin51.000013

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 767

               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin-r1.000005

                Relay_Log_Pos: 956

        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin51.000013

             Slave_IO_Running: Yes

            Slave_SQL_Running: No

              Replicate_Do_DB:

          Replicate_Ignore_DB:

           Replicate_Do_Table:

       Replicate_Ignore_Table:

      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

                   Last_Errno: 1007

                   Last_Error: Error 'Can't create database 'r2'; database exists' on query. Default database: 'r2'. Query: 'create database r2 default charset utf8'

                 Skip_Counter: 0

          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 667

              Relay_Log_Space: 1505

              Until_Condition: None

               Until_Log_File:

                Until_Log_Pos: 0

           Master_SSL_Allowed: No

           Master_SSL_CA_File:

           Master_SSL_CA_Path:

              Master_SSL_Cert:

            Master_SSL_Cipher:

               Master_SSL_Key:

        Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

                Last_IO_Errno: 0

                Last_IO_Error:

               Last_SQL_Errno: 1007

               Last_SQL_Error: Error 'Can't create database 'r2'; database exists' on query. Default database: 'r2'. Query: 'create database r2 default charset utf8'

  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

             Master_Server_Id: 1

               Master_SSL_Crl:

           Master_SSL_Crlpath:

                   Using_Gtid: No

                  Gtid_IO_Pos:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


MariaDB [r1]> select * from r1;

+----+------+

| id | name |

+----+------+

1 | a    |

2 | b    |

3 | c    |

+----+------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)


r1的同步失败了,那r2可以继续同步吗?


Master 2:

rep@192.168.200.52 : r2 01:55:59>insert into r2(name) values('D'),('E'),('F');

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


rep@192.168.200.52 : r2 02:02:19>select * from r2;

+----+------+

| id | name |

+----+------+

1 | A    |

2 | B    |

3 | C    |

4 | D    |

5 | E    |

6 | F    |

+----+------+

6 rows in set (0.01 sec)


Slave:

MariaDB [r2]> select * from r2;

+----+------+

| id | name |

+----+------+

1 | A    |

2 | B    |

3 | C    |

4 | D    |

5 | E    |

6 | F    |

+----+------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)


上面可以得出:r1同步失败之后,不影响r2的同步。想要r1同步正常,则需要忽略即跳过该错误。如:


MariaDB [r1]> stop slave 'r1';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)


MariaDB [r1]> set @@default_master_connection='r1';  #这里是重点:指定一个通道,然后用单通道的sql_slave_skip_counter。

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


MariaDB [r1]> select @@default_master_connection;

+-----------------------------+

| @@default_master_connection |

+-----------------------------+

| r1                          |

+-----------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


MariaDB [r1]> SET GLOBAL sql_slave_skip_counter =1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


MariaDB [r1]> start slave 'r1';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


MariaDB [r1]> show slave 'r1' status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

                  Master_Host: 192.168.200.51

                  Master_User: rep

                  Master_Port: 3306

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin51.000013

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 993

               Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin-r1.000006

                Relay_Log_Pos: 396

        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin51.000013

             Slave_IO_Running: Yes

            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

              Replicate_Do_DB:

          Replicate_Ignore_DB:

           Replicate_Do_Table:

       Replicate_Ignore_Table:

      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

                   Last_Errno: 0

                   Last_Error:

                 Skip_Counter: 0

          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 993

              Relay_Log_Space: 1731

              Until_Condition: None

               Until_Log_File:

                Until_Log_Pos: 0

           Master_SSL_Allowed: No

           Master_SSL_CA_File:

           Master_SSL_CA_Path:

              Master_SSL_Cert:

            Master_SSL_Cipher:

               Master_SSL_Key:

        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

                Last_IO_Errno: 0

                Last_IO_Error:

               Last_SQL_Errno: 0

               Last_SQL_Error:

  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

             Master_Server_Id: 1

               Master_SSL_Crl:

           Master_SSL_Crlpath:

                   Using_Gtid: No

                  Gtid_IO_Pos:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)


MariaDB [r1]> select * from r1;

+----+------+

| id | name |
网站栏目:【Mysql】Mariadb多主一从的搭建
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