基于springboot1.5.4集成jpa+hibernate+jdbcTemplate(详解)

1.pom添加依赖

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      org.springframework.boot
      spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
    
    
      MySQL
      mysql-connector-java
      5.1.42

2.添加数据源配置（DataSource啥的，一系列对象spring boot 都会给你注入的，配置配置即可！）

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=true
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

#database pool config
# Number of ms to wait before throwing an exception if no connection is available.
spring.datasource.tomcat.max-wait=10000
# Maximum number of active connections that can be allocated from this pool at the same time.
spring.datasource.tomcat.max-active=300
# Validate the connection before borrowing it from the pool.
spring.datasource.tomcat.test-on-borrow=true
# initial pool size
spring.datasource.tomcat.initial-size=20


#=====================jpa config================================
#实体类维护数据库表结构的具体行为：update/create/create-drop/validate/none
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=none
#打印sql语句
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
#格式化输出的json字符串
spring.jackson.serialization.indent_output=true

3.新建实体

@Entity
@Table(name="user")
public class User {

  @Id
  @Column(name="id")
  @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
  private Integer id;

  @Column(name="number")
  private String number;

  @Column(name="name")
  private String name;

  public Integer getId() {
    return id;
  }

  public void setId(Integer id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  public String getNumber() {
    return number;
  }

  public void setNumber(String number) {
    this.number = number;
  }

  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }

  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
}

4.dao层

public interface UserDao{

  User getById(int id);

  User getByNumber(String number);

  int addUser(User user);

  void deleteUserById(int id);

  User updateUser(User user);

}

@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {

  @PersistenceContext
  private EntityManager entityManager;

  @Override
  public User getById(int id) {
    //find by primary key
    return this.entityManager.find(User.class,id);
  }

  @Override
  public User getByNumber(String number) {
    Query query = this.entityManager.createQuery("from User u where u.number=:number",User.class);
    query.setParameter("number",number);
    User user = (User)query.getSingleResult();
    return user;
  }

  @Override
  public int addUser(User user) {
    this.entityManager.persist(user);
    //print the id
    System.out.println(user.getId());
    return user.getId();
  }

  @Override
  public void deleteUserById(int id) {
    User user = this.entityManager.find(User.class,id); //关联到记录，方可删除
    this.entityManager.remove(user);
  }

  @Override
  public User updateUser(User user) {
    User userNew = this.entityManager.merge(user);
    return userNew;
  }
}

5.service层

public interface UserService {

  User getById(int id);

  User getByNumber(String number);

  int addUser(User user,boolean throwEx);

  void deleteUserById(int id);

  User updateUser(User user);
}

@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

  @Autowired
  private UserDao userDao;

  @Override
  @Transactional(readOnly = true)
  public User getById(int id) {
    return userDao.getById(id);
  }

  @Override
  @Transactional(readOnly = true)
  public User getByNumber(String number) {
    return userDao.getByNumber(number);
  }

  @Override
  public int addUser(User user,boolean throwEx) {
    int id= this.userDao.addUser(user);
    if(throwEx){
      throw new RuntimeException("throw a ex");
    }
    return id;
  }

  @Override
  public void deleteUserById(int id) {
    this.userDao.deleteUserById(id);
  }

  @Override
  public User updateUser(User user) {
    return this.userDao.updateUser(user);
  }


}

6.controller层

@Controller("user1")
@RequestMapping("/jpa/user")
public class UserController {
  /**
   * 日志（slf4j->logback）
   */
  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);

  @Autowired
  private UserService userService;

  /**
   * 返回text格式数据
   * @param id 主键id
   * @return 用户json字符串
   */
  @RequestMapping("/get/id/{id}")
  @ResponseBody
  public String getUserById(@PathVariable("id")String id){
    logger.info("request /user/get/id/{id}, parameter is "+id);
    User user = userService.getById(Integer.parseInt(id));
    return JSONObject.toJSONString(user);
  }

  /**
   * 返回json格式数据
   * @param number 编号
   * @return 用户
   */
  @RequestMapping("/get/number/{number}")
  @ResponseBody
  public User getUserByNumber(@PathVariable("number")String number){
    User user = userService.getByNumber(number);
    return user;
  }

  @RequestMapping("/add/{number}/{name}")
  @ResponseBody
  public String addUser(@PathVariable("number")String number,@PathVariable("name")String name,boolean throwEx){
    User user = new User();
    user.setNumber(number);
    user.setName(name);
    int id = -1;
    try{
      id = userService.addUser(user,throwEx);
    }catch (RuntimeException ex){
      System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
    }
    return String.valueOf(id);
  }

  @RequestMapping("/delete/{id}")
  @ResponseBody
  public void getUserById(@PathVariable("id")int id){
    this.userService.deleteUserById(id);
  }

  @RequestMapping("/update/{id}/{number}/{name}")
  @ResponseBody
  public User addUser(@PathVariable("id")int id, @PathVariable("number")String number, @PathVariable("name")String name){
    User user = new User();
    user.setId(id);
    user.setNumber(number);
    user.setName(name);
    return userService.updateUser(user);
  }
}

7. spring data jpa新使用方式，更高级

1.dao

@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository {
  /**
   * spring data jpa 会自动注入实现（根据方法命名规范）
   * @return
   */
  User findByNumber(String number);


  @Modifying
  @Query("delete from User u where u.id = :id")
  void deleteUser(@Param("id")int id);
}

2.service

public interface UserService {

  User findById(int id);

  User findByNumber(String number);

  List findAllUserByPage(int page,int size);

  User updateUser(User user,boolean throwEx);

  void deleteUser(int id);
}

@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

  @Autowired
  private UserRepository userRepository;

  @Override
  public User findById(int id) {
    return this.userRepository.findOne(id);
  }

  @Override
  public User findByNumber(String number) {
    return this.userRepository.findByNumber(number);
  }

  @Override
  public List findAllUserByPage(int page,int size) {
    Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(page, size);
    Page users = this.userRepository.findAll(pageable);
    return users.getContent();
  }

  @Override
  public User updateUser(User user,boolean throwEx) {
    User userNew = this.userRepository.save(user);
    if(throwEx){
      throw new RuntimeException("throw a ex");
    }
    return userNew;
  }

  @Override
  public void deleteUser(int id) {
    this.userRepository.deleteUser(id);
  }
}


3.controller

@Controller("user2")
@RequestMapping("/datajpa/user")
public class UserController {
  /**
   * 日志（slf4j->logback）
   */
  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);

  @Autowired
  private UserService userService;

  /**
   * 返回text格式数据
   * @param id 主键id
   * @return 用户json字符串
   */
  @RequestMapping("/get/id/{id}")
  @ResponseBody
  public String getUserById(@PathVariable("id")String id){
    logger.info("request /user/get/id/{id}, parameter is "+id);
    User user = userService.findById(Integer.parseInt(id));
    return JSONObject.toJSONString(user);
  }

  /**
   * 返回json格式数据
   * @param number 编号
   * @return 用户
   */
  @RequestMapping("/get/number/{number}")
  @ResponseBody
  public User getUserByNumber(@PathVariable("number")String number){
    User user = userService.findByNumber(number);
    return user;
  }

  @RequestMapping("/get/all/{page}/{size}")
  @ResponseBody
  public List getAllUserByPage(@PathVariable("page")int page,@PathVariable("size")int size){
    return this.userService.findAllUserByPage(page,size);
  }

  @RequestMapping("/update/{id}/{number}/{name}")
  @ResponseBody
  public User addUser(@PathVariable("id")int id, @PathVariable("number")String number, @PathVariable("name")String name,boolean throwEx){
    User user = new User();
    user.setId(id);
    user.setNumber(number);
    user.setName(name);
    User userNew = null;
    try{
      userService.updateUser(user,throwEx);
    }catch (RuntimeException ex){
      System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
    }
    return userNew;
  }

  @RequestMapping("/delete/{id}")
  @ResponseBody
  public void getUserById(@PathVariable("id")int id){
    this.userService.deleteUser(id);
  }


}

8.注入jdbcTemplate和transactionTemplate,使用传统方式操作数据库，更加灵活，方法如下

@Autowired
  private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

  @Autowired
  private TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate;

  /**
   * 手动控制事物测试
   * @param throwEx
   */
  @Override
  public void testTransactionManually(boolean throwEx) {

    try {
      transactionTemplate.execute(new TransactionCallback() {

        /**
         * 事物代码
         *
         * @param transactionStatus 事物状态
         * @return 是否成功
         */
        @Override
        public Boolean doInTransaction(TransactionStatus transactionStatus) {
          User user = new User();
          user.setId(1);
          int a = new Random().nextInt(10); //0-9
          user.setNumber("10000u" + a);
          jdbcTemplate.update("UPDATE USER SET NUMBER=? WHERE ID=?", new Object[]{user.getNumber(), user.getId()}, new int[]{Types.VARCHAR, Types.INTEGER});
          if (throwEx) {
            throw new RuntimeException("try throw exception"); //看看会不会回滚
          }
          return true;
        }
      });
    }catch (RuntimeException ex){
      System.out.println(ex.getMessage());
    }

  }

  /**
   * 手动执行jdbc测试
   */
  @Override
  public void testJdbcTemplate() {
    User user = new User();
    int a = new Random().nextInt(10); //0-9
    user.setNumber("10000i"+ a );
    user.setName("name"+a);
    this.jdbcTemplate.update("INSERT into USER(NUMBER,NAME )VALUES (?,?)",user.getNumber(),user.getName());
  }

至此，我已经讲了三种方式（jpa两种+jdbcTemplate）如何操作数据库了，你爱怎么用就怎么用，上述代码均是实践证明可行的！

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