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我们来看下监控软件Nagios和cacti结合
来看下 两者区别
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Cacti：在监控方面绘图比较不错，在流量与图型展现比较存在优势
Nagios：在故障分析比较不错，报警机制相对来说比较好，报警机制：邮箱、短信等，而且也比Cacti灵活；同时适用监控大量服务器以及服务器上面大批服务状态是否正常，重点不在图形化，而在状态故障的监控
1.安装相关的软件包
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# yum -y install httpd php gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel libpng libjpeg zlib
2.创建相关的用户和组
[root@Wangqi LoadBalancer]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios
[root@Wangqi LoadBalancer]# groupadd nagcmd
[root@Wangqi LoadBalancer]# usermod -G nagcmd nagios
[root@Wangqi LoadBalancer]# usermod -G nagcmd apache
3.安装、编译nagios
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf nagios-3.2.1.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# cd /usr/src/nagios-3.2.1/
[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# ./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd
[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# make all
[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# make install
[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# make install-init
[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# make install-config
[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# make install-commandmode
[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# make install-webconf
注释：
make install-init是向/etc/rc.d/init.d中安装启动脚本
make install-commandmode是将额外的命令文件修改好恰当的权限
make install-config是向/usr/local/nagios/etc目录下写入示例配置文件
[root@Wangqi nagios-3.2.1]# cd /usr/local/nagios/
[root@Wangqi nagios]# ls
bin测试命令目录
etc 配置文件目录
libexec 插件目录
sbin cgj脚本目录
share nagios网页文件目录
var nagios运行总会产生的数据
[root@Wangqi nagios]# ls etc/
cgi.cfg cgi程序配置文件
nagios.cfg nagios服务主配置文件
resource.cfg 定义nagios变量文件
[root@Wangqi nagios]# ls etc/objects/
commands.cfg 定义监控命令配置文件
localhost.cfg 定义监控本机对象配置文件
timeperiods.cfg 监控时间模板文件
contacts.cfg 指定报警邮件发送邮箱
templates.cfg 监控方式模板文件
4.安装插件
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar -zxvf nagios-plugins-1.4.14.tar.gz
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# cd nagios-plugins-1.4.14
[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagcmd
[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# make && make install
插件使用：
[root@Wangqi libexec]# ./check_http --help
[root@Wangqi libexec]# ./check_http -H localhost -p 80
[root@Wangqi libexec]# ./check_ftp -H localhost -p 21
[root@Wangqi libexec]# ./check_ping -H 127.0.0.1 -w 5,10% -c 10,20% -p 10 -t 20
[root@Wangqi libexec]# htpasswd -cm /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin
5.通过Firefox访问nagios
[root@Wangqi libexec]# firefox &
http://192.168.2.3/nagios
user:nagiosadmin
password:123456
6.nagios监控本身
配置步骤
定义监控命令->commands.cfg
定义监控对象->localhost.cfg
加载监控对象配置文件->nagios.cfg
配置登陆页面认证用户->nagios.conf
启动nagios服务
启动HTTP服务
登陆监控页面
（1）定义监控命令
[root@Wangqi nagios]# vim etc/objects/commands.cfg
# 'check_nfs' command definition
define command{
command_name check_nfs
command_line $UWangqi$/check_tcp -H $HOSTADDRESS$ $ARG1$
}
[root@Wangqi nagios]# vim etc/objects/localhost.cfg
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name localhost
service_description NFS
check_command check_nfs!2049
notifications_enabled 0
}
[root@Wangqi nagios]# ./bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg //检查文件
[root@Wangqi nagios]# service nagios restart
7.配置监控远程主机
被监控端（1）安装监控插件
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# useradd nagios
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# groupadd nagcmd
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# usermod -aG nagcmd nagios
安装插件
[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# tar zxvf nagios-plugins-1.4.14.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# cd /usr/src/nagios-plugins-1.4.14/
[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++
[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagcmd
[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# make && make install
[root@Wangqi nagios-plugins-1.4.14]# cd /usr/local/nagios/
安装NRPE
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# cd nrpe-2.12
[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# yum -y install openssl-devel
[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# ./configure && make && make install
[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# make install-plugin
[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# make install-daemon
[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# make install-daemon-config
[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# make install-xinetd
[root@Wangqi etc]# vim nrpe.cfg
command[check_root]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /root
command[check_boot]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /boot
[root@Wangqi etc]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/nrpe
only_from = 127.0.0.1 192.168.2.3
[root@Wangqi etc]# vim /etc/services
nrpe 5666/tcp #nrpe
[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# yum -y install xinetd //6.5需要安装
[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# netstat -anptul | grep :5666
tcp 0 0 :::5666 :::* LISTEN 51819/xinetd
[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# cd /usr/local/nagios/
[root@Wangqi libexec]# ./check_nrpe -H localhost
NRPE v2.12
监控端（1）
安装nrpe
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# cd nrpe-2.12
[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# yum -y install openssl-devel
[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# ./configure && make && make install
[root@Wangqi nrpe-2.12]# make install-plugin
[root@Wangqi libexec]# ./check_nrpe -H 192.168.2.4
NRPE v2.12
（2）定义命令
[root@Wangqi nagios]# vim etc/objects/commands.cfg
# 'check_nrpe' command definition
define command{
command_name check_nrpe
command_line $UWangqi$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$
}
[root@Wangqi etc]# vim objects/ser2.cfg
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name Wangqi.tarena.com
service_description Boot Partition
check_command check_nrpe!check_boot
}
define service{
use local-service ; Name of service template to use
host_name Wangqi.tarena.com
service_description Root Partition
check_command check_nrpe!check_root
}
[root@Wangqi etc]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v nagios.cfg
[root@Wangqi etc]# service nagios restart
[root@Wangqi libexec]# firefox &
http://192.168.2.3/nagios
六、安装cacti
1.安装相关软件包
[root@Wangqi etc]# yum -y install php-MySQL php-ldap php-xml net-snmp-utils mysql mysql-server net-snmp crond rrdtool lm_sensors
rrdtool在RHEL5的光盘中不提供，需要用源码包
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ libart_lgpl-devel zlib-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel
[root@Wangqi etc]# service httpd start
[root@Wangqi etc]# service mysqld start
2.安装cacti
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf cacti-0.8.7g.tar.gz
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# cp -rp cacti-0.8.7g /var/www/html/cacti
[root@Wangqi html]# useradd cactiuser
[root@Wangqi html]# chown -R cactiuser.cactiuser ./cacti/rra
[root@Wangqi html]# chown -R cactiuser.cactiuser ./cacti/rra/ cacti/log/
[root@Wangqi html]# mysql -uroot -p
mysql> create database cactidb default character set utf8;
mysql> show databases;
mysql> grant all on cactidb.* to 'cactiuser'@'localhost' identified by 'cacti';
[root@Wangqi cacti]# mysql -ucactiuser -pcacti cactidb < cacti.sql
[root@Wangqi cacti]# vim include/config.php
3.登陆web界面
HTTP：//192.168.2.3/cacti
4.被监控端
[root@Wangqi etc]# vim /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
com2sec notConfigUser 192.168.20.1 public
access那一行的systemview改成all
view all included .1取消注释
[root@Wangqi etc]# service snmpd restart
5.监控端
在web页上点击devices，删除原有的localhost，点击右侧的add
添加新的主机。HOST template用ucd/net snmp host
Associated Data Queries添加以下的数据
SNMP - Get Mounted Partitions
SNMP - Get Processor Information
SNMP - Interface Statistics
保存save后，找到页面最上面的Create Graphs for this Host
把主机加入到图形树中
点击左侧的graph tree->default tree->点击右侧的add
tree item type选择host，然后点击create
产生数据
[root@localhost ~]# su - cactiuser
[runct@localhost ~]$ php /var/www/html/cacti/poller.php
[runct@localhost ~]$ crontab -e
*/1 * * * * /usr/bin/php /var/www/html/cacti/poller.php &> /dev/null
[runct@localhost ~]$ exit
[root@localhost ~]# service crond start
隔几分钟后，再点击web页的graph按钮就可以看到图形了
[root@Wangqi cacti]# service snmpd start
6.安装插件框架
[root@Wangqi cacti]# tar zxvf cacti-plugin-0.8.7g-PA-v2.9.tar.gz
[root@Wangqi cacti]# mv cacti-plugin-arch /var/www/html/cacti/
[root@Wangqi cacti]# cd /var/www/html/cacti/
[root@Wangqi cacti]# patch -p1 -N < cacti-plugin-arch/cacti-plugin-0.8.7g-PA-v2.9.diff
[root@Wangqi cacti]# mysql -ucactiuser -pcacti cactidb < cacti-plugin-arch/pa.sql
[root@Wangqi cacti]# vim include/global.php
$database_type = "mysql";
$database_default = "cactidb";
$database_hostname = "localhost";
$database_username = "cactiuser";
$database_password = "cacti";
$database_port = "3306";
[root@Wangqi cacti]# vim include/config.php
$url_path = "/cacti/";
WEB页面中左侧的用户管理(user management)->admin用户的权限(下面的Plugin Management)加入PA
7.插件安装
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf settings-v0.71-1.tgz
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf monitor-v1.3-1.tgz
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# tar zxvf thold-v0.4.9-3.tgz
[root@Wangqi Desktop]# mv settings monitor thold /var/www/html/cacti/plugins
七、整合cacti+nagios
1、cacti在监控服务器资源、绘图方面比nagios有优势，但是nagios在监控服务、报警方面是cacti无法替代的。无法仅使用其中一款软件达到所有的要求。cacti可以安装多款插件，其中Nagios Plugin for Cacti（NPC）可以将nagios的功能以插件的方式在cacti中显示出来。
2、nagios本身的插件是二进制可执行文件，运维工程师不具备高级程序语言的编程能力，因此插件改用SHELL脚本实现。
整合cacti和nagios是利用了cacti的一个插件nagios for cacti，它的原理是将nagios的数据通过ndo2db导入到mysql数据库（cacti的库中），然后cacti读取数据库信息将nagios的结果展示出来。
1.安装ndoutils
首先需要安装ndoutils以将nagios的数据能导入到mysql数据库中
[root@localhost cacti]# yum -y install mysql-devel
[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# tar zxvf ndoutils-1.4b9.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# cd /usr/src/ndoutils-1.4b9/
[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios LDFLAGS=-L/usr/lib --with-mysql-inc=/usr/include/mysql --with-mysql-lib=/usr/lib/mysql --enable-mysql --disable-pgsql --with-ndo2db-user=nagios --with-ndo2db-group=nagios
[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# make && make install
2.导入数据库
[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# cd db/
[root@Wangqi db]# ./installdb -u cactiuser -p cacti -h localhost -d cactidb
3.配置文件
[root@Wangqi db]# cd ..
[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# cp config/ndomod.cfg-sample /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndomod.cfg
[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
broker_module=/usr/local/nagios/bin/ndomod.o config_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/ndomod.cfg
process_performance_data=1
[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# cp config/ndo2db.cfg-sample /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndo2db.cfg
[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# grep -v -E '(^$| *#)' /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndomod.cfg
instance_name=default
output_type=tcpsocket
output=127.0.0.1
tcp_port=5668
use_ssl=0
output_buffer_items=5000
buffer_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/ndomod.tmp
file_rotation_interval=14400
file_rotation_timeout=60
reconnect_interval=15
reconnect_warning_interval=15
data_processing_options=-1
config_output_options=2
[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndomod.cfg
[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# grep -v -E '(^$| *#)' /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndo2db.cfg
lock_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/ndo2db.lock
ndo2db_user=nagios
ndo2db_group=nagios
socket_type=tcp
socket_name=/usr/local/nagios/var/ndo.sock
tcp_port=5668
use_ssl=0
db_servertype=mysql
db_host=localhost
db_port=3306
db_name=cactidb
db_prefix=npc_
db_user=cactiuser
db_pass=cacti
max_timedevents_age=1440
max_systemcommands_age=10080
max_servicechecks_age=10080
max_hostchecks_age=10080
max_eventhandlers_age=44640
max_externalcommands_age=44640
debug_level=1
debug_verbosity=1
debug_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/ndo2db.debug
max_debug_file_size=1000000
[root@Wangqi ndoutils-1.4b9]# vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndo2db.cfg
二、安装json
npc展示部分用到json，需要在php中安装php-json的支持
1、安装php的准备环境
[root@localhostnpc]# yum install -y php-devel
2、安装json
[root@localhostnpc]# tarxvjf php-json-ext-1.2.1.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src/
[root@localhost php-json-ext-1.2.1]# phpize
[root@localhost php-json-ext-1.2.1]# ./configure && make && make install
3、启用json扩展
[root@localhost php-json-ext-1.2.1]# vim /etc/php.d/json.ini
extension=php_json.so
[root@localhost php-json-ext-1.2.1]# ln -s /usr/lib64/php/modules/json.so /usr/lib64/php/modules/php_json.so
三、安装npc插件
1、安装
[root@localhostnpc]# tar xvzf npc-2.0.4.tar.gz
[root@localhostnpc]# mvnpc /var/www/html/cacti/plugins
2、在WEB页中启用插件
3、配置插件
4、注意修改权限
[root@localhostnpc]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc
[root@localhostetc]# chmod 644 ndo2db.cfg
[root@localhostetc]# chmod 644 ndomod.cfg
[root@localhostetc]# chownnagios.nagiosndomod.cfg ndo2db.cfg
5、启动服务
[root@localhostnpc]# servicemysqld restart
[root@localhostnpc]# servicehttpd restart
[root@localhostnpc]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/ndo2db -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/ndo2db.cfg
[root@localhostnpc]# netstat -tlnp | grep :5668
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5668 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 19273/ndo2db
[root@localhostnpc]# servicenagios restart
6、结果如下
7.我们来 排错
Nagios中没有数据，查看/var/log/messages的报错信息，发现是mysql的问题：
Aug 14 16:01:18 localhost ndo2db: mysql_error: 'Unknown column 'long_output' in 'field list''
所以执行以下操作：
mysql -uroot -p
mysql> use cactidb;
mysql>ALTER TABLEnpc_eventhandlersADDlong_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_hostchecks ADD loing_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_hoststatus ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_notifications ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_servicechecks ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_servicestatus ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_statehistory ADD long_out TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
mysql> ALTER TABLE npc_systemcommands ADD long_output TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '' AFTER output;
修复后的截图如下：
名称栏目：我们来看下监控软件Nagios和cacti结合
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