ORACLE服务器异常断电及控制文件故障的处理步骤是什么

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这里只是简单的记录操作步骤，以做备忘。

一、版本

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1 .0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1 .0 - Production CORE    11.2.0.1 


二、故障
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 1046224896 bytes
Fixed Size                  1379212 bytes
Variable Size             708838516 bytes
Database Buffers          331350016 bytes
Redo Buffers                4657152 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
SQL> alter dabase open;
alter dabase open
      *
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00940: 无效的 ALTER 命令

SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01122: 数据库文件 1 验证失败
ORA-01110: 数据文件 1: 'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF'
ORA-01207: 文件比控制文件更新 - 旧的控制文件

三、处理步骤


SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as 'G:\ctl1.txt';

数据库已更改。

SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开

已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。


Total System Global Area 1046224896 bytes
Fixed Size                  1379212 bytes
Variable Size             708838516 bytes
Database Buffers          331350016 bytes
Redo Buffers                4657152 bytes
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 16
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 8
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 292
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZ
E 512,
  9    GROUP 2 'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZ
E 512,
 10    GROUP 3 'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZ
E 512
 11  DATAFILE
 12    'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF',
 13    'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF',
 14    'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF',
 15    'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF',
 16    'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF'
 17  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01503: CREATE CONTROLFILE ??
ORA-01229: data file 2 is inconsistent with logs
ORA-01110: data file 2: 'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF'
我们使用resetlogs进行重建避开和redo logs的校验

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
  2      MAXLOGFILES 16
  3      MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
  4      MAXDATAFILES 100
  5      MAXINSTANCES 8
  6      MAXLOGHISTORY 292
  7  LOGFILE
  8    GROUP 1 'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZ
E 512,
  9    GROUP 2 'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO02.LOG'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZ
E 512,
 10    GROUP 3 'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO03.LOG'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZ
E 512
 11  DATAFILE
 12    'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF',
 13    'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF',
 14    'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF',
 15    'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF',
 16    'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF'
 17  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
控制文件已创建。

SQL> alter database mount;
alter database mount
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-01100: ??????

SQL> alter session set nls_language='american';--中文字符集显示乱码，需要更改session字符集
Session altered.
SQL> alter database mount;
alter database mount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01100: database already mounted

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
alter database open resetlogs
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 1: 'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF'

进行recover数据库，需要使用resetlogs和手动指定归档日志这里其实就是redolog中的一个

SQL> recover database;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01610: recovery using the BACKUP CONTROLFILE option must be done

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 28088746 generated at 12/16/2017 20:32:45 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORCL\ARCHIVELOG\2017_12_19\O1_MF_1_572_%U_.ARC
ORA-00280: change 28088746 for thread 1 is in sequence #572

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

ORA-00308: cannot open archived log
'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORCL\ARCHIVELOG\2017_12_19\O1_MF_1_572_%U_.ARC'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
OSD-04002: ????????????
O/S-Error: (OS 2) ??????????????????????

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              No Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Disabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     0
Current log sequence           0
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 28088746 generated at 12/16/2017 20:32:45 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORCL\ARCHIVELOG\2017_12_19\O1_MF_1_572_%U_.ARC
ORA-00280: change 28088746 for thread 1 is in sequence #572

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
G:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\REDO01.LOG
ORA-00310: archived log contains sequence 571; sequence 572 required
ORA-00334: archived log: 'G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG'

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 28088746 generated at 12/16/2017 20:32:45 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORCL\ARCHIVELOG\2017_12_19\O1_MF_1_572_%U_.ARC
ORA-00280: change 28088746 for thread 1 is in sequence #572

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
G:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\REDO02.LOG 这里指定是redolog中的一个
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.


SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;

FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF
G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF
G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
G:\APP\ADMINISTRATOR\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1046224896 bytes
Fixed Size                  1379212 bytes
Variable Size             708838516 bytes
Database Buffers          331350016 bytes
Redo Buffers                4657152 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。
至此恢复完成。

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