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1. 察看主库状态
select switchover_status from v$database;
收集主库上的临时表空间的情况,原因是备库激活后临时文件可能丢失,需要手工建上去:
col file_name format a40
select file_name,tablespace_name,bytes/1024/1024 from dba_temp_files;
FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME BYTES/1024/1024
---------------------------------------- -------------------- ---------------
/data/oradata/alihr/temp01.dbf TEMP 2048
2.切换主库到standby
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
或:
ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
shutdown immediate;
startup nomount;
alter database mount standby database;
3.验证要被切换的standby是否接收到switch to 通知
SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
以前的状态就是SESSIONS ACTIVE,现在就变为TO PRIMARY
4.切换物理standby到主用模式,检查redo log是否创建好
ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;
shutdown immediate;
startup;
5. standby数据库切换成主库后,检查是否需要、对临时表空间增加临时文件:
先检查临时文件是否丢失:
col file_name format a60
select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_temp_files;
把结果前面原主库上的临时文件进行对比,如有丢失则使用如下命令增加:
alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/data/oradata/alihr/temp02.dbf' size 2048M reuse;
正常情况下,如果db_file_name_convert参数设置正确的话,11g会自动建立temp file
6.在新的standby机器上
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2='defer';
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
7.检查主备库中fal参数
fal_server服务名是在standby机器的tnsnames中,指向主库,fal_client是在主库上的tnsnames中,指向standby。
fal参数只在standby机器上生效,所以在standby机器上fal_server指向主库,fal_client机器指向备库.
而主库上的fal参数虽然不生效,但为了避免主库切换成standby时,我们还要修改fal参数,所以现在就设置好,
让fal_server指向现在的standby数据库,fal_client指向自己。
8.在新的主库
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2='enable';
alter system archive log current;
然后到备库上检查备库机器上日志是否正常的传过来了。
9.检查和调整主备库两台机器中的crontab中的数据库备份脚本和删除归档脚本。
=================oracle11g的最大保护和最大可用模式下的切换==================
如果主库是意外宕机的,则直接把备库切换成主库:
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE FINISH;
shutdown immediate;
connect / as sysdba;
startup mount;
ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;
shutdown immediate;
connect / as sysdba;
startup mount;
ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE AVAILABILITY;
alter database open;
注意:上面操作中是手工的把数据库重新置成MAXIMIZE AVAILABILITY,否则数据库起来后是最大性能模式。
检查数据库的角色:
select database_role from v$database;
原有主库启动后,如果不是硬盘坏,主库上的数据还存在,则把主库转换成standby就可以了:
主库上:
startup mount;
recover automatic database;
ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;
shutdown immediate;
注意千万不要把主库打开了,否则会导致主库的SCN发生变化,无法转换成standby数据库了。
在把原先的主库转化为standby时,有时可能报如下错误:
SQL alter database recover managed standby database finish;
alter database recover managed standby database finish
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-19909: datafile 1 belongs to an orphan incarnation
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/opt/oracle/oradata/oratest/system01.dbf'
这里把到rman中:
list incarnation of database;
reset database to incarnation 1;
recover database;
reset database to incarnation 2;
=========================================================
failover在物理standby的切换
1.检查standby看是否使用了standby log
2.有standby log,执行下面的命令
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE FINISH;
2.1 没有standby log则不执行上面的
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE FINISH SKIP STANDBY LOGFILE;
3. 切换
ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;
3.1 如果上面3步骤失败,则
ALTER DATABASE ACTIVATE STANDBY DATABASE;
4. 重启db
shutdown immediate
startup
switchover的方法:
主库和物理standby的切换
1.察看主库状态
SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
2.切换
ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;
3.原主库
shutdown immediate;
startup nomount
alter database mount standby database;
4.验证要被切换的standby是否接收到switch to 通知
SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
增加online redo日志
5.切换物理standby到主
ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;
shutdown immediate;
startup;
6.在新的standby机器(也就是老的主库)
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
7.在新的主库
alter system archive log current;
========active standby database===========
当:
alter database activate standby database;
原来的主库只能通过闪回转化成standby database,但要求数据库的flashback打开。
在新主库上:
select to_char(standby_became_primary_scn) from v$database;
在旧主库上:
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP MOUNT;
FLASHBACK DATABASE TO SCN standby_became_primary_scn;
ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;
select max(sequence#) from v$log_history where RESETLOGS_TIME=(select max(RESETLOGS_TIME) from v$log_history);
实例恢复:
recover managed standby database disconnect using current logfile;
=================lgwr设置====================================
alter system set log_archive_dest_3 = 'location=/disk3/arch/bopscha reopen=2 MAX_FAILURE=3';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_3 = alternate;
alter system set log_archive_dest_1 = 'location=/disk2/arch/bopscha alternate=log_archive_dest_3 reopen=60 MAX_FAILURE=5' ;
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=DTMRT LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=DTMRT';
alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/oracle/u02/ORA10GDG/STANDBYRD01.LOG') size 200M;
select group#,thread#,sequence#,archived,status from v$standby_log;
alter database set standby database to maximize {availability | performance | protection};
select protection_mode from v$database;
ORA-19527:
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/u02/oracle/oradata/oract/','/u02/oracle/oradata/oract/'
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=bopsteststb lgwr sync affirm';
select frequency, duration from v$redo_dest_resp_histogram where dest_id=2 and frequency1;
SQL ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
SQL ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
SQL ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;
alter database convert to snapshot standby;
alter database convert to physical standby;
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT;
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
alter database activate standby database finish apply;
alter database recover managed standby database finish;
旧主库转换成standby的步骤:
在新主库上:
select to_char(standby_became_primary_scn) from v$database;
在旧主库上:
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
STARTUP MOUNT;
FLASHBACK DATABASE TO SCN standby_became_primary_scn;
ALTER DATABASE CONVERT TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;
ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE FINISH FORCE;
直接登录相应的用户就可以了。
步骤:直接在命令行输入sqlconn
username/password;即可完成切换.
解释:每个用户都只能默认一个数据库,不可能出现多个数据库。所以直接切换到需要的用户下即可完成操作。
1、在不退出sqlplus的情况下,直接在命令行输入conn username/password;即可完成切换。
2、在退出sqlplus的情况下,windows下:set ORACLE_SID=db_name; linux下:export ORACLE_SID = db_name再登录相应的用户即可完成切换。
3、创建用户命令:create user usernamer identified by passwd;
4、给用户赋权限:grant connect,resource,dba to username;