重庆分公司,新征程启航
为企业提供网站建设、域名注册、服务器等服务
我们常用ThreadPoolExecutor提供的线程池服务,springboot框架提供了@Async注解,帮助我们更方便的将业务逻辑提交到线程池中异步执行,今天我们就来实战体验这个线程池服务;
实战环境
windowns10;
jdk1.8;
springboot 1.5.9.RELEASE;
开发工具:IntelliJ IDEA;
企业建站必须是能够以充分展现企业形象为主要目的,是企业文化与产品对外扩展宣传的重要窗口,一个合格的网站不仅仅能为公司带来巨大的互联网上的收集和信息发布平台,成都创新互联公司面向各种领域:成都服务器托管等成都网站设计公司、全网整合营销推广解决方案、网站设计等建站排名服务。
这里面有多个工程,本次用到的工程为threadpooldemoserver,如下图红框所示:
实战步骤梳理
本次实战的步骤如下:
创建springboot工程;
创建Service层的接口和实现;
创建controller,开发一个http服务接口,里面会调用service层的服务;
创建线程池的配置;
将Service层的服务异步化,这样每次调用都会都被提交到线程池异步执行;
扩展ThreadPoolTaskExecutor,在提交任务到线程池的时候可以观察到当前线程池的情况;
创建springboot工程
用IntelliJ IDEA创建一个springboot的web工程threadpooldemoserver,pom.xml内容如下:
4.0.0
com.bolingcavalry
threadpooldemoserver
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
jar
threadpooldemoserver
Demo project for Spring Boot
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-parent
1.5.9.RELEASE
UTF-8
UTF-8
1.8
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-maven-plugin
创建Service层的接口和实现
创建一个service层的接口AsyncService,如下:
public interface AsyncService {
/**
* 执行异步任务
*/
void executeAsync();
}
对应的AsyncServiceImpl,实现如下:
@Service
public class AsyncServiceImpl implements AsyncService {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AsyncServiceImpl.class);
@Override
public void executeAsync() {
logger.info("start executeAsync");
try{
Thread.sleep(1000);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
logger.info("end executeAsync");
}
}
这个方法做的事情很简单:sleep了一秒钟;
创建controller
创建一个controller为Hello,里面定义一个http接口,做的事情是调用Service层的服务,如下:
@RestController
public class Hello {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Hello.class);
@Autowired
private AsyncService asyncService;
@RequestMapping("/")
public String submit(){
logger.info("start submit");
//调用service层的任务
asyncService.executeAsync();
logger.info("end submit");
return "success";
}
}
至此,我们已经做好了一个http请求的服务,里面做的事情其实是同步的,接下来我们就开始配置springboot的线程池服务,将service层做的事情都提交到线程池中去处理;
springboot的线程池配置
创建一个配置类ExecutorConfig,用来定义如何创建一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor,要使用@Configuration和@EnableAsync这两个注解,表示这是个配置类,并且是线程池的配置类,如下所示:
@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class ExecutorConfig {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExecutorConfig.class);
@Bean
public Executor asyncServiceExecutor() {
logger.info("start asyncServiceExecutor");
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
//配置核心线程数
executor.setCorePoolSize(5);
//配置最大线程数
executor.setMaxPoolSize(5);
//配置队列大小
executor.setQueueCapacity(99999);
//配置线程池中的线程的名称前缀
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("async-service-");
// rejection-policy:当pool已经达到max size的时候,如何处理新任务
// CALLER_RUNS:不在新线程中执行任务,而是有调用者所在的线程来执行
executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
//执行初始化
executor.initialize();
return executor;
}
}
注意,上面的方法名称为asyncServiceExecutor,稍后马上用到;
将Service层的服务异步化
打开AsyncServiceImpl.java,在executeAsync方法上增加注解@Async(“asyncServiceExecutor”),asyncServiceExecutor是前面ExecutorConfig.java中的方法名,表明executeAsync方法进入的线程池是asyncServiceExecutor方法创建的,如下:
@Override
@Async("asyncServiceExecutor")
public void executeAsync() {
logger.info("start executeAsync");
try{
Thread.sleep(1000);
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
logger.info("end executeAsync");
}
验证效果
将这个springboot运行起来(pom.xml所在文件夹下执行mvn spring-boot:run);
在浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080;
在浏览器用F5按钮快速多刷新几次;
在springboot的控制台看见日志如下:
2018-01-21 22:43:18.630 INFO 14824 --- [nio-8080-exec-8] c.b.t.controller.Hello : start submit
2018-01-21 22:43:18.630 INFO 14824 --- [nio-8080-exec-8] c.b.t.controller.Hello : end submit
2018-01-21 22:43:18.929 INFO 14824 --- [async-service-1] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync
2018-01-21 22:43:18.930 INFO 14824 --- [async-service-1] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync
2018-01-21 22:43:19.005 INFO 14824 --- [async-service-2] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync
2018-01-21 22:43:19.006 INFO 14824 --- [async-service-2] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync
2018-01-21 22:43:19.175 INFO 14824 --- [async-service-3] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync
2018-01-21 22:43:19.175 INFO 14824 --- [async-service-3] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync
2018-01-21 22:43:19.326 INFO 14824 --- [async-service-4] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync
2018-01-21 22:43:19.495 INFO 14824 --- [async-service-5] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync
2018-01-21 22:43:19.930 INFO 14824 --- [async-service-1] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync
2018-01-21 22:43:20.006 INFO 14824 --- [async-service-2] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync
2018-01-21 22:43:20.191 INFO 14824 --- [async-service-3] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync
如上日志所示,我们可以看到controller的执行线程是"nio-8080-exec-8",这是tomcat的执行线程,而service层的日志显示线程名为“async-service-1”,显然已经在我们配置的线程池中执行了,并且每次请求中,controller的起始和结束日志都是连续打印的,表明每次请求都快速响应了,而耗时的操作都留给线程池中的线程去异步执行;
扩展ThreadPoolTaskExecutor
虽然我们已经用上了线程池,但是还不清楚线程池当时的情况,有多少线程在执行,多少在队列中等待呢?这里我创建了一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor的子类,在每次提交线程的时候都会将当前线程池的运行状况打印出来,代码如下:
public class VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor extends ThreadPoolTaskExecutor {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor.class);
private void showThreadPoolInfo(String prefix){
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = getThreadPoolExecutor();
if(null==threadPoolExecutor){
return;
}
logger.info("{}, {},taskCount [{}], completedTaskCount [{}], activeCount [{}], queueSize [{}]",
this.getThreadNamePrefix(),
prefix,
threadPoolExecutor.getTaskCount(),
threadPoolExecutor.getCompletedTaskCount(),
threadPoolExecutor.getActiveCount(),
threadPoolExecutor.getQueue().size());
}
@Override
public void execute(Runnable task) {
showThreadPoolInfo("1. do execute");
super.execute(task);
}
@Override
public void execute(Runnable task, long startTimeout) {
showThreadPoolInfo("2. do execute");
super.execute(task, startTimeout);
}
@Override
public Future> submit(Runnable task) {
showThreadPoolInfo("1. do submit");
return super.submit(task);
}
@Override
public Future submit(Callable task) {
showThreadPoolInfo("2. do submit");
return super.submit(task);
}
@Override
public ListenableFuture> submitListenable(Runnable task) {
showThreadPoolInfo("1. do submitListenable");
return super.submitListenable(task);
}
@Override
public ListenableFuture submitListenable(Callable task) {
showThreadPoolInfo("2. do submitListenable");
return super.submitListenable(task);
}
}
如上所示,showThreadPoolInfo方法中将任务总数、已完成数、活跃线程数,队列大小都打印出来了,然后Override了父类的execute、submit等方法,在里面调用showThreadPoolInfo方法,这样每次有任务被提交到线程池的时候,都会将当前线程池的基本情况打印到日志中;
修改ExecutorConfig.java的asyncServiceExecutor方法,将ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor()改为ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor(),如下所示:
@Bean
public Executor asyncServiceExecutor() {
logger.info("start asyncServiceExecutor");
//使用VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
//配置核心线程数
executor.setCorePoolSize(5);
//配置最大线程数
executor.setMaxPoolSize(5);
//配置队列大小
executor.setQueueCapacity(99999);
//配置线程池中的线程的名称前缀
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("async-service-");
// rejection-policy:当pool已经达到max size的时候,如何处理新任务
// CALLER_RUNS:不在新线程中执行任务,而是有调用者所在的线程来执行
executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy());
//执行初始化
executor.initialize();
return executor;
}
再次启动该工程,再浏览器反复刷新http://localhost:8080,看到的日志如下:
2018-01-21 23:04:56.113 INFO 15580 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] c.b.t.e.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor : async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [99], completedTaskCount [85], activeCount [5], queueSize [9]
2018-01-21 23:04:56.113 INFO 15580 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] c.b.t.controller.Hello : end submit
2018-01-21 23:04:56.225 INFO 15580 --- [async-service-1] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync
2018-01-21 23:04:56.225 INFO 15580 --- [async-service-1] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync
2018-01-21 23:04:56.240 INFO 15580 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.b.t.controller.Hello : start submit
2018-01-21 23:04:56.240 INFO 15580 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.b.t.e.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor : async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [100], completedTaskCount [86], activeCount [5], queueSize [9]
2018-01-21 23:04:56.240 INFO 15580 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.b.t.controller.Hello : end submit
2018-01-21 23:04:56.298 INFO 15580 --- [async-service-2] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync
2018-01-21 23:04:56.298 INFO 15580 --- [async-service-2] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync
2018-01-21 23:04:56.372 INFO 15580 --- [nio-8080-exec-3] c.b.t.controller.Hello : start submit
2018-01-21 23:04:56.373 INFO 15580 --- [nio-8080-exec-3] c.b.t.e.VisiableThreadPoolTaskExecutor : async-service-, 2. do submit,taskCount [101], completedTaskCount [87], activeCount [5], queueSize [9]
2018-01-21 23:04:56.373 INFO 15580 --- [nio-8080-exec-3] c.b.t.controller.Hello : end submit
2018-01-21 23:04:56.444 INFO 15580 --- [async-service-3] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : end executeAsync
2018-01-21 23:04:56.445 INFO 15580 --- [async-service-3] c.b.t.service.impl.AsyncServiceImpl : start executeAsync
注意这一行日志:2. do submit,taskCount [101], completedTaskCount [87], activeCount [5], queueSize [9]
这说明提交任务到线程池的时候,调用的是submit(Callable task)这个方法,当前已经提交了101个任务,完成了87个,当前有5个线程在处理任务,还剩9个任务在队列中等待,线程池的基本情况一路了然;
至此,springboot线程池服务的实战就完成了,希望能帮您在工程中快速实现异步服务。