MySQL5.6二进制包方式安装流程讲义

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MySQL基于二进制格式安装的优点在于，它是针对特定平台专门优化过的，安装的时候也不需要考虑环境的要求，直接解压就可以，本文基于MySQL5.6.38版本，下载地址为：
https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
1，下载MySQL二进制包：

    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /root/soft/ -pv
    [root@localhost ~]# cd soft/
    [root@localhost soft]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2，解压到/usr/local下：

[root@localhost soft]# tar xf mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

3，创建软链接：

[root@localhost soft]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.6.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

4，创建mysql数据目录：

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/mydata -pv 

4，创建mysql用户，mysql组，授权数据目录：

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -r mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /data/mydata mysql
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mydata/

5，初始化数据库：

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mydata/ --user=mysql
FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing ./scripts/mysql_install_db:
Data::Dumper

这里出现一个报错提示我有Perl模块没有装，于是我照常安装了perl-devel，perl等软件包，再初始化数据发现还是报错，搜索了下原来是perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7这个包，报错的信息提示的很明显，好吧，下次一定好好看报错信息。解决方法也很简单，直接yum install即可。

[root@localhost mysql]# yum list  perl-Data-Dumper
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.cn99.com
 * extras: mirrors.cn99.com
 * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn
Available Packages
perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64           
[root@localhost mysql]# yum install perl-Data-Dumper -y

再次执行：

[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mydata/ --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables.../usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

又一个报错出现，这个提示表明libaio这个模块不存在，好，缺啥咱就装啥。

[root@localhost mysql]# yum install libaio -y

然后再执行mysql_install_db脚本初始化数据库，这次没有报错，当看到OK字样时，表示数据库初始化完成。

6，设置mysql数据库配置文件。这里要注意mysql5.6解压目录下的 support-files目录中只有my-default.cnf这样一个默认配置文件，而且里面基本没有配置，多为注释，这和mysql5.5的区别比较大，5.5的该目录下会有  my-huge.cnf  my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf  my-large.cnf  my-medium.cnf  my-small.cnf 这样的配置文件，可以根据自身云服务器的情况自行选择。既然如此，就只能自己配置my.cnf了。

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
#password       = your_password
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
#datadir = /usr/local/mysql/var
datadir = /data/mydata/
basedir = /usr/local/mysql/
pid-file = /data/mydata/mysql.pid
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 8M
tmp_table_size = 16M

#skip-networking
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535

log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=mixed
server-id       = 1
expire_logs_days = 10

default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mydata/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mydata/
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 5M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

7，导出PATH环境变量：

[root@localhost ~]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

8，导出mysql头文件到系统头文件目录：

[root@localhost ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include  /usr/include/mysql

9，输出mysql库文件到系统库文件的路径：

[root@localhost ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@localhost ~]# ldconfig -v

10，启动mysqld服务：

[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on 
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

这里要注意一下，/etc/init.d/mysqld这个脚本中有如下几个地方要修改：

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mydata/
mysqld_pid_file_path=/data/mydata/mysql.pid

这时候mysql就已经启动了：

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.38-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql> use mysql 
Database changed
mysql> delete from mysql.user where (user,host) not in (select 'root', 'localhost'); #删除多余的用户
mysql> update user set password=password('QWER@@111') where user='root'; #修改root密码
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select user,host,password from user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host      | password                                  |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *16FF293CF039130E27DC275D8B47EBB0754FFE9F |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

至此，MySQL数据库安装完成。

看了以上关于MySQL5.6二进制包方式安装流程讲义，希望能给大家在实际运用中带来一定的帮助。本文由于篇幅有限，难免会有不足和需要补充的地方，如有需要更加专业的解答，可在官网联系我们的24小时售前售后，随时帮您解答问题的。