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创新互联-专业网站定制、快速模板网站建设、高性价比方正网站开发、企业建站全套包干低至880元,成熟完善的模板库,直接使用。一站式方正网站制作公司更省心,省钱,快速模板网站建设找我们,业务覆盖方正地区。费用合理售后完善,十多年实体公司更值得信赖。https://www.percona.com/doc/percona-xtrabackup/LATEST/innobackupex/innobackupex_script.htmlRestoring Individual Tables #5.6之前是不支持的; In server versions prior to 5.6, it is not possible to copy tables between servers by copying the files, even with innodb_file_per_table. However, with the Percona XtraBackup, you can export individual tables from any InnoDB database, and import them into Percona Server with XtraDB or MySQL 5.6 (The source doesn’t have to be XtraDB or or MySQL 5.6, but the destination does). This only works on individual .ibd files, and cannot export a table that is not contained in its own .ibd file.数据备份:
[root@centos7x ~]$systemctl start mariadb [root@centos7x ~]$mysql < hellodb_InnoDB.sql 默认的每个表一个文件; [root@centos7x ~]$ll /var/lib/mysql/ total 122936 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16384 Feb 25 16:11 aria_log.00000001 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 52 Feb 25 16:11 aria_log_control -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 Feb 25 16:18 centos7x.pid drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 272 Feb 25 16:18 hellodb -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 2795 Feb 25 16:11 ib_buffer_pool -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Feb 25 16:18 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Feb 25 16:18 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Feb 25 16:11 ib_logfile1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Feb 25 16:18 ibtmp1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 0 Feb 25 16:18 multi-master.info drwx--x--x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Feb 25 16:11 mysql srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 0 Feb 25 16:18 mysql.sock drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 20 Feb 25 16:11 performance_schema -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 24576 Feb 25 16:18 tc.log drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 Feb 25 16:11 test [root@centos7x ~]$ll /var/lib/mysql/hellodb/ total 704 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1277 Feb 25 16:18 classes.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 98304 Feb 25 16:18 classes.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 976 Feb 25 16:18 coc.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 98304 Feb 25 16:18 coc.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1251 Feb 25 16:18 courses.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 98304 Feb 25 16:18 courses.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 61 Feb 25 16:18 db.opt -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1001 Feb 25 16:18 scores.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 98304 Feb 25 16:18 scores.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1208 Feb 25 16:18 students.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 98304 Feb 25 16:18 students.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1298 Feb 25 16:18 teachers.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 98304 Feb 25 16:18 teachers.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 973 Feb 25 16:18 toc.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 98304 Feb 25 16:18 toc.ibd [root@centos7x ~]$mkdir -pv /backups mkdir: created directory ‘/backups’ [root@centos7x ~]$innobackupex --include='hellodb.students' /backups/ 这只是备份了数据了; [root@centos7x ~]$ll /backups/2018-02-25_16-23-08/hellodb/ total 100 -rw-r----- 1 root root 1208 Feb 25 16:23 students.frm -rw-r----- 1 root root 98304 Feb 25 16:23 students.ibd备份表定义:
所以需要将表定义也导出来;否则将来的恢复过程是需要创建表定义的; [root@centos7x ~]$mysql -e 'show create table hellodb.students\G;' *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: students Create Table: CREATE TABLE `students` ( `StuID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `Name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `Age` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, `Gender` enum('F','M') NOT NULL, `ClassID` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, `TeacherID` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`StuID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=26 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8表破坏操作:
进行表的破坏; [root@centos7x ~]$mysql -e 'drop table hellodb.students;' MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables; +-------------------+ | Tables_in_hellodb | +-------------------+ | classes | | coc | | courses | | scores | | teachers | | toc | +-------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)数据和表定义恢复操作:
恢复操作: 先整理; [root@centos7x ~]$innobackupex --apply-log --export /backups/2018-02-25_16-23-08/ 整理、导出数据的前后变化; [root@centos7x ~]$ll /backups/2018-02-25_16-23-08/hellodb/ -rw-r----- 1 root root 1208 Feb 25 16:23 students.frm -rw-r----- 1 root root 98304 Feb 25 16:23 students.ibd [root@centos7x ~]$ll /backups/2018-02-25_16-23-08/hellodb/ total 120 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 640 Feb 25 16:49 students.cfg -rw-r----- 1 root root 16384 Feb 25 16:49 students.exp -rw-r----- 1 root root 1208 Feb 25 16:23 students.frm -rw-r----- 1 root root 98304 Feb 25 16:23 students.ibd 恢复表之前,先创建表结构; MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed MariaDB [hellodb]> CREATE TABLE `students` ( -> `StuID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, -> `Name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, -> `Age` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL, -> `Gender` enum('F','M') NOT NULL, -> `ClassID` tinyint(3) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, -> `TeacherID` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL, -> PRIMARY KEY (`StuID`) -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=26 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students; Empty set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [hellodb]> desc students; +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | StuID | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | Name | varchar(50) | NO | | NULL | | | Age | tinyint(3) unsigned | NO | | NULL | | | Gender | enum('F','M') | NO | | NULL | | | ClassID | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | | TeacherID | int(10) unsigned | YES | | NULL | | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) 此时虽然有表结构和数据文件,但是没有数据; [root@centos7x ~]$ll /var/lib/mysql/hellodb/ -h total 704K -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1.3K Feb 25 16:18 classes.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 classes.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 976 Feb 25 16:18 coc.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 coc.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1.3K Feb 25 16:18 courses.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 courses.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 61 Feb 25 16:18 db.opt -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1001 Feb 25 16:18 scores.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 scores.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1.2K Feb 25 16:53 students.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:53 students.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1.3K Feb 25 16:18 teachers.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 teachers.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 973 Feb 25 16:18 toc.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 toc.ibd 于是要删除这个表空间文件,即数据文件;但是不要使用rm删除,而是使用命令删除; MariaDB [hellodb]> alter table students discard tablespace; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) [root@centos7x ~]$ll /var/lib/mysql/hellodb/ -h total 608K -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1.3K Feb 25 16:18 classes.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 classes.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 976 Feb 25 16:18 coc.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 coc.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1.3K Feb 25 16:18 courses.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 courses.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 61 Feb 25 16:18 db.opt -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1001 Feb 25 16:18 scores.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 scores.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1.2K Feb 25 16:53 students.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1.3K Feb 25 16:18 teachers.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 teachers.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 973 Feb 25 16:18 toc.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 toc.ibd [root@centos7x ~]$cp /backups/2018-02-25_16-23-08/hellodb/students.{cfg,ibd,exp} /var/lib/mysql/hellodb/ [root@centos7x ~]$ll /var/lib/mysql/hellodb/ -h total 724K -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1.3K Feb 25 16:18 classes.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 classes.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 976 Feb 25 16:18 coc.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 coc.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1.3K Feb 25 16:18 courses.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 courses.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 61 Feb 25 16:18 db.opt -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1001 Feb 25 16:18 scores.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 scores.ibd -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 640 Feb 25 16:59 students.cfg -rw-r----- 1 root root 16K Feb 25 16:59 students.exp -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1.2K Feb 25 16:53 students.frm -rw-r----- 1 root root 96K Feb 25 16:59 students.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1.3K Feb 25 16:18 teachers.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 teachers.ibd -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 973 Feb 25 16:18 toc.frm -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 96K Feb 25 16:18 toc.ibd [root@centos7x ~]$chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql/hellodb/ 接着是导入表空间,尽管文件放在数据目录下了,但是表空间还没有关联; MariaDB [hellodb]> alter table students import tablespace; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)数据和表结构验证操作:
验证; MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students; +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | StuID | Name | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID | +-------+---------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+ | 1 | Shi Zhongyu | 22 | M | 2 | 3 | | 2 | Shi Potian | 22 | M | 1 | 7 | | 3 | Xie Yanke | 53 | M | 2 | 16 | | 4 | Ding Dian | 32 | M | 4 | 4 |另外有需要云服务器可以了解下创新互联cdcxhl.cn,海内外云服务器15元起步,三天无理由+7*72小时售后在线,公司持有idc许可证,提供“云服务器、裸金属服务器、高防服务器、香港服务器、美国服务器、虚拟主机、免备案服务器”等云主机租用服务以及企业上云的综合解决方案,具有“安全稳定、简单易用、服务可用性高、性价比高”等特点与优势,专为企业上云打造定制,能够满足用户丰富、多元化的应用场景需求。