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Oracle手工不完全恢复(一):使用当前控制文件

实验环境

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操作系统:CentOS 7.1

数据库:Oracle 11.2.0.4

目录

示例一:基于SCN或时间点的恢复----恢复过去某个时间误删除的表

示例二:当前日志组损坏,造成数据库崩溃

示例三:归档日志丢失或损坏



示例一:基于SCN或时间点的恢复----恢复过去某个时间误删除的表

环境:

(1)提前对数据库做一次全库冷备份;

(2)在seiang用户下有一张test1表隶属于seiang表空间;

定位错误操作发生的时间或SCN:logminer

恢复原理: 

1.冷备份的数据文件*.dbf比现在要旧,那么数据文件的scn肯定就比现在的小;  

2.使用日志挖掘方法,在日志中找出删表时的scn或时间戳;  

3.在数据库shutdown的状态下,用冷备份的数据文件*.dbf,覆盖现在的*.dbf文件;保证数据文件完整性;

4.启动数据库到mount下,恢复到日志挖掘的SCN或时间点(利用日志对数据文件重做一次)  

5.以resetlogs方式打开数据库,以前的日志就被覆盖了;


示例二:当前日志组损坏,造成数据库崩溃

环境:

(1)提前对数据库做一次全库冷备份;

(2)在seiang用户下有一张test1表隶属于seiang表空间;


示例三:归档日志丢失或损坏

环境:

(1)提前有一套完成的数据文件的冷备份;

(2)在seiang用户下有一张test1表隶属于seiang表空间;

  1. SYS@seiang11g>select owner,table_name,tablespace_name from dba_tables where owner='SEIANG';

  2. OWNER TABLE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
  3. ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
  4. SEIANG TEST1 SEIANG
  5. SEIANG TEST2 WJQ
  6. SEIANG TEST3 WJQBEST

  7. SYS@seiang11g>select * from seiang.test1;

  8.         ID NAME AGE
  9. ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
  10.          1 wjq 23
  11.          2 seiang 24
  12.          3 wjqdood 25
  13.          4 wjqbest 30

  14. --查看当前日志序号为2
  15. SYS@seiang11g>select group#,sequence#,status from v$log;

  16.     GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS
  17. ---------- ---------- ----------------
  18.          1 1 INACTIVE
  19.          2 2 CURRENT
  20.          3 0 UNUSED


  21. --修改数据并提交(sequence号2)
  22. SYS@seiang11g>update seiang.test1 set age=100 where id=1;
  23. 1 row updated.

  24. SYS@seiang11g>commit;
  25. Commit complete.

  26. SYS@seiang11g>alter system switch logfile;
  27. System altered.

  28. --修改数据并提交(sequence号3)
  29. SYS@seiang11g>update seiang.test1 set age=200 where id=1;
  30. 1 row updated.

  31. SYS@seiang11g>commit;
  32. Commit complete.

  33. SYS@seiang11g>alter system switch logfile;
  34. System altered.

  35. --修改数据并提交(sequence号4)
  36. SYS@seiang11g>update seiang.test1 set age=300 where id=1;
  37. 1 row updated.

  38. SYS@seiang11g>commit;
  39. Commit complete.

  40. SYS@seiang11g>alter system switch logfile;
  41. System altered.

  42. --修改数据并提交(sequence号5)
  43. SYS@seiang11g>update seiang.test1 set age=400 where id=1;
  44. 1 row updated.

  45. SYS@seiang11g>commit;
  46. Commit complete.

  47. SYS@seiang11g>alter system switch logfile;
  48. System altered.

  49. --修改数据并提交(sequence号6)
  50. SYS@seiang11g>update seiang.test1 set age=500 where id=1;
  51. 1 row updated.

  52. SYS@seiang11g>commit;
  53. Commit complete.

  54. SYS@seiang11g>alter system switch logfile;
  55. System altered.

  56. --修改数据并提交(sequence号7)
  57. SYS@seiang11g>update seiang.test1 set age=600 where id=1;
  58. 1 row updated.

  59. SYS@seiang11g>commit;
  60. Commit complete.

  61. SYS@seiang11g>alter system switch logfile;
  62. System altered.

  63. --当前联机日志序号为8
  64. SYS@seiang11g>select group#,sequence#,status from v$log;

  65.     GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS
  66. ---------- ---------- ----------------
  67.          1 7 ACTIVE
  68.          2 8 CURRENT
  69.          3 6 ACTIVE

  70. --查看相应的归档日志
  71. SYS@seiang11g>select name from v$archived_log;

  72. NAME
  73. ------------------------------------------------------
  74. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950962051_1.log
  75. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950962051_2.log
  76. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_1.log
  77. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_2.log
  78. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_1.log
  79. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_2.log
  80. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_3.log
  81. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_4.log
  82. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log
  83. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_6.log
  84. /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_7.log

  85. --关闭数据库
  86. SYS@seiang11g >shutdown immediate
  87. Database closed.
  88. Database dismounted.
  89. ORACLE instance shut down.

  90. --模拟数据文件seiang损坏
  91. SYS@seiang11g>host rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/seiang01.dbf


  92. --重新打开数据库 ,由于数据文件的丢死,数据库无法open
  93. SYS@seiang11g>startup
  94. ORACLE instance started.

  95. Total System Global Area 1252663296 bytes
  96. Fixed Size 2252824 bytes
  97. Variable Size 788533224 bytes
  98. Database Buffers 452984832 bytes
  99. Redo Buffers 8892416 bytes
  100. Database mounted.
  101. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 7 - see DBWR trace file
  102. ORA-01110: data file 7: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/seiang01.dbf'


  103. SYS@seiang11g>select * from v$recover_file;

  104.      FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_ ERROR CHANGE# TIME
  105. ---------- ------- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
  106.          7 ONLINE ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

  107. --还原备份的数据文件
  108. SYS@seiang11g>host cp /u01/app/oracle/UMAN_Backup/seiang01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/
  109.     
  110. SYS@seiang11g>select * from v$recover_file;

  111.      FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_ ERROR CHANGE# TIME
  112. ---------- ------- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------
  113.          7 ONLINE ONLINE UNKNOWN ERROR 1913765 02-AUG-17


  114. --查看一下归档日志的详细信息
  115. SYS@seiang11g>select sequence#, name, first_change#, next_change# from v$archived_log;

  116.  SEQUENCE# NAME FIRST_CHANGE# NEXT_CHANGE#
  117. ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------- ------------
  118.         1 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950962051_1.log 1914744 1921854
  119.          2 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950962051_2.log 1921854 1921883
  120.          1 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_1.log 1913766 1914386
  121.          2 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_2.log 1914386 1914401
  122.          1 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_1.log 1914402 1936446
  123.          2 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_2.log 1936446 1937042
  124.          3 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_3.log 1937042 1937100
  125.          4 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_4.log 1937100 1937110
  126.          5 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log 1937110 1937123
  127.          6 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_6.log 1937123 1937139
  128.          7 /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_7.log 1937139 1937148


  129. --模拟归档日志5丢失或者损坏
  130. SYS@seiang11g>host rm /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log

  131. [oracle@seiang11g OraDB11g]$ ll /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log
  132. ls: cannot access /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log: No such file or directory


  133. --执行恢复操作,当在需要归档日志5的时候出现错误
  134. SYS@seiang11g>recover datafile 7;
  135. ORA-00279: change 1913766 generated at 08/02/2017 11:12:22 needed for thread 1
  136. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_1.log
  137. ORA-00280: change 1913766 for thread 1 is in sequence #1

  138. Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
  139. auto
  140. ORA-00279: change 1914386 generated at 08/02/2017 14:48:59 needed for thread 1
  141. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_2.log
  142. ORA-00280: change 1914386 for thread 1 is in sequence #2

  143. ORA-00279: change 1914402 generated at 08/02/2017 14:59:56 needed for thread 1
  144. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_1.log
  145. ORA-00280: change 1914402 for thread 1 is in sequence #1

  146. ORA-00279: change 1936446 generated at 08/02/2017 15:39:52 needed for thread 1
  147. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_2.log
  148. ORA-00280: change 1936446 for thread 1 is in sequence #2

  149. ORA-00279: change 1937042 generated at 08/02/2017 15:49:42 needed for thread 1
  150. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_3.log
  151. ORA-00280: change 1937042 for thread 1 is in sequence #3

  152. ORA-00279: change 1937100 generated at 08/02/2017 15:51:34 needed for thread 1
  153. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_4.log
  154. ORA-00280: change 1937100 for thread 1 is in sequence #4

  155. ORA-00279: change 1937110 generated at 08/02/2017 15:51:54 needed for thread 1
  156. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log
  157. ORA-00280: change 1937110 for thread 1 is in sequence #5

  158. ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log'
  159. ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
  160. Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
  161. Additional information: 3
  162.     
  163. --查看数据文件头,发现检查点不一致
  164. SYS@seiang11g>select file#,name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;

  165.      FILE# NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
  166. ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------
  167.          1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/system01.dbf 1937617
  168.          2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/sysaux01.dbf 1937617
  169.          3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/undotbs01.dbf 1937617
  170.          4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/users01.dbf 1937617
  171.          5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/example01.dbf 1937617
  172.          6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/rman01.dbf 1937617
  173.          7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/seiang01.dbf 1937110
  174.          8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/wjq01.dbf 1937617
  175.          9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/wjqbest01.dbf 1937617
  1. --关闭数据库 ,还原所有冷备份的数据文件

    SYS@seiang11g>shutdown abort

    ORACLE instance shut down.


    SYS@seiang11g>host cp /u01/app/oracle/UMAN_Backup/*.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/

  2. SYS@seiang11g>host ls -l /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/
  3. total 2279068
  4. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7680 Aug 2 16:08 arch_1_950972396_5.log
  5. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9781248 Aug 2 16:16 control01.ctl
  6. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 363077632 Aug 2 16:17 example01.dbf
  7. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Aug 2 15:52 redo01.log
  8. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Aug 2 15:58 redo02.log
  9. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Aug 2 15:52 redo03.log
  10. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 31465472 Aug 2 16:17 rman01.dbf
  11. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 73408512 Aug 2 16:17 seiang01.dbf
  12. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 734011392 Aug 2 16:18 sysaux01.dbf
  13. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 796925952 Aug 2 16:18 system01.dbf
  14. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 30416896 Aug 2 16:18 temp01.dbf
  15. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 110108672 Aug 2 16:18 undotbs01.dbf
  16. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Aug 2 16:18 users01.dbf
  17. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Aug 2 16:18 wjq01.dbf
  18. -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 20979712 Aug 2 16:18 wjqbest01.dbf

  19. --重新打开数据库
  20. SYS@seiang11g>startup
  21. ORACLE instance started.

  22. Total System Global Area 1252663296 bytes
  23. Fixed Size 2252824 bytes
  24. Variable Size 788533224 bytes
  25. Database Buffers 452984832 bytes
  26. Redo Buffers 8892416 bytes
  27. Database mounted.
  28. ORA-01190: control file or data file 1 is from before the last RESETLOGS
  29. ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/system01.dbf'


  30. SYS@seiang11g>select file#,name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;

  31.      FILE# NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
  32. ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------
  33.          1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/system01.dbf 1913765
  34.          2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/sysaux01.dbf 1913765
  35.          3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/undotbs01.dbf 1913765
  36.          4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/users01.dbf 1913765
  37.          5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/example01.dbf 1913765
  38.          6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/rman01.dbf 1913765
  39.          7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/seiang01.dbf 1913765
  40.          8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/wjq01.dbf 1913765
  41.          9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/wjqbest01.dbf 1913765

  42. 9 rows selected.

  43. --恢复数据库 ,首先尝试完全恢复,同样在需要归档日志5的时候出现错误
  44. SYS@seiang11g>recover database;
  45. ORA-00279: change 1913766 generated at 08/02/2017 11:12:22 needed for thread 1
  46. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_1.log
  47. ORA-00280: change 1913766 for thread 1 is in sequence #1

  48. Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
  49. auto
  50. ORA-00279: change 1914386 generated at 08/02/2017 14:48:59 needed for thread 1
  51. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950971495_2.log
  52. ORA-00280: change 1914386 for thread 1 is in sequence #2

  53. ORA-00279: change 1914402 generated at 08/02/2017 14:59:56 needed for thread 1
  54. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_1.log
  55. ORA-00280: change 1914402 for thread 1 is in sequence #1

  56. ORA-00279: change 1936446 generated at 08/02/2017 15:39:52 needed for thread 1
  57. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_2.log
  58. ORA-00280: change 1936446 for thread 1 is in sequence #2

  59. ORA-00279: change 1937042 generated at 08/02/2017 15:49:42 needed for thread 1
  60. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_3.log
  61. ORA-00280: change 1937042 for thread 1 is in sequence #3

  62. ORA-00279: change 1937100 generated at 08/02/2017 15:51:34 needed for thread 1
  63. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_4.log
  64. ORA-00280: change 1937100 for thread 1 is in sequence #4

  65. ORA-00279: change 1937110 generated at 08/02/2017 15:51:54 needed for thread 1
  66. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log
  67. ORA-00280: change 1937110 for thread 1 is in sequence #5

  68. ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log'
  69. ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
  70. Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
  71. Additional information: 3


  72. --执行不完全恢复 ,成功
  73. SYS@seiang11g>recover database until cancel;
  74. ORA-00279: change 1937110 generated at 08/02/2017 15:51:54 needed for thread 1
  75. ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/arch/arch_1_950972396_5.log
  76. ORA-00280: change 1937110 for thread 1 is in sequence #5


  77. Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
  78. cancel
  79. Media recovery cancelled.

  80. --再次查看数据文件头的相关信息
  81. SYS@seiang11g>select file#,name,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;

  82.      FILE# NAME CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
  83. ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------
  84.          1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/system01.dbf 1937110
  85.          2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/sysaux01.dbf 1937110
  86.          3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/undotbs01.dbf 1937110
  87.          4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/users01.dbf 1937110
  88.          5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/example01.dbf 1937110
  89.          6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/rman01.dbf 1937110
  90.          7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/seiang01.dbf 1937110
  91.          8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/wjq01.dbf 1937110
  92.          9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OraDB11g/wjqbest01.dbf 1937110

  93. --查看日志组信息,发现与5号脱节
  94. SYS@seiang11g>select group#,sequence#,status from v$log;

  95.     GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS
  96. ---------- ---------- ----------------
  97.          1 7 INACTIVE
  98.          3 6 INACTIVE
  99.          2 8 CURRENT

  100. --使用resetlogs打开数据库
  101. SYS@seiang11g>alter database open resetlogs;
  102. Database altered.

  103. --日志序号从1开始记录
  104. SYS@seiang11g>select group#,sequence#,status from v$log;

  105.     GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS
  106. ---------- ---------- ----------------
  107.          1 1 CURRENT
  108.          2 0 UNUSED
  109.          3 0 UNUSED

  110. --确认表中的数据信息,发现在5号归档日志丢失后的修改都没有生效
  111. SYS@seiang11g>select * from seiang.test1;

  112.         ID NAME AGE
  113. ---------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------
  114.          1 wjq 300
  115.          2 seiang 24
  116.          3 wjqdood 25
  117.          4 wjqbest 30


相关连接:

 Oracle手工完全恢复案例:http://blog.itpub.net/31015730/viewspace-2142669/


作者:SEian.G(苦练七十二变,笑对八十一难)

ITPUB:http://blog.itpub.net/31015730/

51CTO:http://seiang.blog.51cto.com/




文章名称:Oracle手工不完全恢复(一):使用当前控制文件
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